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Main Authors: Wang, Han, Ji, Deyi, Lu, Junyu, Zhu, Lanyun, Zhang, Hailong, Wu, Haiyang, Liu, Liqun, Shu, Peng, Lee, Roy Ka-Wei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13759
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author Wang, Han
Ji, Deyi
Lu, Junyu
Zhu, Lanyun
Zhang, Hailong
Wu, Haiyang
Liu, Liqun
Shu, Peng
Lee, Roy Ka-Wei
author_facet Wang, Han
Ji, Deyi
Lu, Junyu
Zhu, Lanyun
Zhang, Hailong
Wu, Haiyang
Liu, Liqun
Shu, Peng
Lee, Roy Ka-Wei
contents Accurate detection of offensive content on social media demands high-quality labeled data; however, such data is often scarce due to the low prevalence of offensive instances and the high cost of manual annotation. To address this low-resource challenge, we propose a self-training framework that leverages abundant unlabeled data through collaborative pseudo-labeling. Starting with a lightweight classifier trained on limited labeled data, our method iteratively assigns pseudo-labels to unlabeled instances with the support of Multi-Agent Vision-Language Models (MA-VLMs). Un-labeled data on which the classifier and MA-VLMs agree are designated as the Agreed-Unknown set, while conflicting samples form the Disagreed-Unknown set. To enhance label reliability, MA-VLMs simulate dual perspectives, moderator and user, capturing both regulatory and subjective viewpoints. The classifier is optimized using a novel Positive-Negative-Unlabeled (PNU) loss, which jointly exploits labeled, Agreed-Unknown, and Disagreed-Unknown data while mitigating pseudo-label noise. Experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our framework substantially outperforms baselines under limited supervision and approaches the performance of large-scale models
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_13759
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Multi-Agent VLMs Guided Self-Training with PNU Loss for Low-Resource Offensive Content Detection
Wang, Han
Ji, Deyi
Lu, Junyu
Zhu, Lanyun
Zhang, Hailong
Wu, Haiyang
Liu, Liqun
Shu, Peng
Lee, Roy Ka-Wei
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
I.2.10
Accurate detection of offensive content on social media demands high-quality labeled data; however, such data is often scarce due to the low prevalence of offensive instances and the high cost of manual annotation. To address this low-resource challenge, we propose a self-training framework that leverages abundant unlabeled data through collaborative pseudo-labeling. Starting with a lightweight classifier trained on limited labeled data, our method iteratively assigns pseudo-labels to unlabeled instances with the support of Multi-Agent Vision-Language Models (MA-VLMs). Un-labeled data on which the classifier and MA-VLMs agree are designated as the Agreed-Unknown set, while conflicting samples form the Disagreed-Unknown set. To enhance label reliability, MA-VLMs simulate dual perspectives, moderator and user, capturing both regulatory and subjective viewpoints. The classifier is optimized using a novel Positive-Negative-Unlabeled (PNU) loss, which jointly exploits labeled, Agreed-Unknown, and Disagreed-Unknown data while mitigating pseudo-label noise. Experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our framework substantially outperforms baselines under limited supervision and approaches the performance of large-scale models
title Multi-Agent VLMs Guided Self-Training with PNU Loss for Low-Resource Offensive Content Detection
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
I.2.10
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13759