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Main Authors: Doliya, Jaya, Das, Deep Jyoti, Bouri, Subhadip, Bhattacharjee, Pooja, Das, Mousumi, Laha, Ranjan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13818
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author Doliya, Jaya
Das, Deep Jyoti
Bouri, Subhadip
Bhattacharjee, Pooja
Das, Mousumi
Laha, Ranjan
author_facet Doliya, Jaya
Das, Deep Jyoti
Bouri, Subhadip
Bhattacharjee, Pooja
Das, Mousumi
Laha, Ranjan
contents The origin and acceleration mechanism of cosmic rays (CRs) remain fundamental open questions. Galaxy mergers are proposed as very high-energy CR accelerators, which are expected to produce high-energy (HE) $γ$ rays and neutrinos through interactions with the ambient gas and low-energy background radiation fields. For the first time, we systematically study the HE $γ$-ray emission from galaxy mergers utilising 16.7 years of Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) data with the sample list compiled from eight survey catalogs. Our analysis finds 8 galaxy mergers that exhibit $γ$-ray emission with significance $\gtrsim5σ$ in the 1-500 GeV energy range. A stacking analysis of the remaining faint galaxy mergers yields a combined $γ$-ray emission detected at $\sim 35σ$ significance, a best-fit spectral index of $Γ\approx 2.07$, and an energy flux of $\sim \rm 2\times10^{-14}~erg~cm^{-2}~s^{-1}$. We compare the stacked spectral energy distributions of the galaxy mergers with the projected sensitivity of the upcoming $γ$-ray telescope Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Furthermore, we find that 18 previously unassociated Fermi-LAT sources are spatially coincident with galaxy mergers. Our findings establish galaxy mergers as a new class of HE $γ$-ray sources. Future neutrino and $γ$-ray observatories will be crucial to discover the particle acceleration mechanism in these newly identified CR sources.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_13818
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Galaxy Mergers Collectively Illuminate the $γ$-Ray Sky
Doliya, Jaya
Das, Deep Jyoti
Bouri, Subhadip
Bhattacharjee, Pooja
Das, Mousumi
Laha, Ranjan
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
The origin and acceleration mechanism of cosmic rays (CRs) remain fundamental open questions. Galaxy mergers are proposed as very high-energy CR accelerators, which are expected to produce high-energy (HE) $γ$ rays and neutrinos through interactions with the ambient gas and low-energy background radiation fields. For the first time, we systematically study the HE $γ$-ray emission from galaxy mergers utilising 16.7 years of Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) data with the sample list compiled from eight survey catalogs. Our analysis finds 8 galaxy mergers that exhibit $γ$-ray emission with significance $\gtrsim5σ$ in the 1-500 GeV energy range. A stacking analysis of the remaining faint galaxy mergers yields a combined $γ$-ray emission detected at $\sim 35σ$ significance, a best-fit spectral index of $Γ\approx 2.07$, and an energy flux of $\sim \rm 2\times10^{-14}~erg~cm^{-2}~s^{-1}$. We compare the stacked spectral energy distributions of the galaxy mergers with the projected sensitivity of the upcoming $γ$-ray telescope Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Furthermore, we find that 18 previously unassociated Fermi-LAT sources are spatially coincident with galaxy mergers. Our findings establish galaxy mergers as a new class of HE $γ$-ray sources. Future neutrino and $γ$-ray observatories will be crucial to discover the particle acceleration mechanism in these newly identified CR sources.
title Galaxy Mergers Collectively Illuminate the $γ$-Ray Sky
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13818