Trading athermality for nonstabiliserness

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Junior, A. de Oliveira, Macedo, Rafael A., Czartowski, Jakub, Brask, Jonatan Bohr, Chaves, Rafael
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Junior, A. de Oliveira
Macedo, Rafael A.
Czartowski, Jakub
Brask, Jonatan Bohr
Chaves, Rafael
author_facet Junior, A. de Oliveira
Macedo, Rafael A.
Czartowski, Jakub
Brask, Jonatan Bohr
Chaves, Rafael
contents Quantum advantage arises from quantum states that cannot be efficiently simulated on a classical computer. Such states are characterised by a property known as nonstabiliserness. In this work, we investigate whether nonstabiliserness can be generated by placing an initially stabiliser state in contact with a heat bath. Under minimal thermodynamic assumptions, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for when this is possible. This yields an analytic characterisation of all nonstabiliser qubit states reachable through such thermal processes, together with explicit bounds on their nonstabiliserness. This, in turn, allows us to identify optimal regimes for generating this resource, including the Hamiltonians that maximise nonstabiliserness and the critical temperatures at which it emerges. Beyond the qubit case, we establish a general trade-off between the nonstabiliserness attainable under thermal operations and the initial nonequilibrium free energy of the system.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_13839
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Trading athermality for nonstabiliserness
Junior, A. de Oliveira
Macedo, Rafael A.
Czartowski, Jakub
Brask, Jonatan Bohr
Chaves, Rafael
Quantum Physics
Quantum advantage arises from quantum states that cannot be efficiently simulated on a classical computer. Such states are characterised by a property known as nonstabiliserness. In this work, we investigate whether nonstabiliserness can be generated by placing an initially stabiliser state in contact with a heat bath. Under minimal thermodynamic assumptions, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for when this is possible. This yields an analytic characterisation of all nonstabiliser qubit states reachable through such thermal processes, together with explicit bounds on their nonstabiliserness. This, in turn, allows us to identify optimal regimes for generating this resource, including the Hamiltonians that maximise nonstabiliserness and the critical temperatures at which it emerges. Beyond the qubit case, we establish a general trade-off between the nonstabiliserness attainable under thermal operations and the initial nonequilibrium free energy of the system.
title Trading athermality for nonstabiliserness
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13839