Resolving Availability and Run-time Integrity Conflicts in Real-Time Embedded Systems

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Caulfield, Adam, Kamran, Muhammad Wasif, Asokan, N.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Caulfield, Adam
Kamran, Muhammad Wasif
Asokan, N.
author_facet Caulfield, Adam
Kamran, Muhammad Wasif
Asokan, N.
contents Run-time integrity enforcement in real-time systems presents a fundamental conflict with availability. Existing approaches in real-time systems primarily focus on minimizing the execution-time overhead of monitoring. After a violation is detected, prior works face a trade-off: (1) prioritize availability and allow a compromised system to continue to ensure applications meet their deadlines, or (2) prioritize security by generating a fault to abort all execution. In this work, we propose PAIR, an approach that offers a middle ground between the stark extremes of this trade-off. PAIR monitors real-time tasks for run-time integrity violations and maintains an Availability Region (AR) of all tasks that are safe to continue. When a task causes a violation, PAIR triggers a non-maskable interrupt to kill the task and continue executing a non-violating task within AR. Thus, PAIR ensures only violating tasks are prevented from execution, while granting availability to remaining tasks. With its hardware approach, PAIR does not cause any run-time overhead to the executing tasks, integrates with real-time operating systems (RTOSs), and is affordable to low-end microcontroller units (MCUs) by incurring +2.3% overhead in memory and hardware usage.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_14088
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Resolving Availability and Run-time Integrity Conflicts in Real-Time Embedded Systems
Caulfield, Adam
Kamran, Muhammad Wasif
Asokan, N.
Cryptography and Security
Run-time integrity enforcement in real-time systems presents a fundamental conflict with availability. Existing approaches in real-time systems primarily focus on minimizing the execution-time overhead of monitoring. After a violation is detected, prior works face a trade-off: (1) prioritize availability and allow a compromised system to continue to ensure applications meet their deadlines, or (2) prioritize security by generating a fault to abort all execution. In this work, we propose PAIR, an approach that offers a middle ground between the stark extremes of this trade-off. PAIR monitors real-time tasks for run-time integrity violations and maintains an Availability Region (AR) of all tasks that are safe to continue. When a task causes a violation, PAIR triggers a non-maskable interrupt to kill the task and continue executing a non-violating task within AR. Thus, PAIR ensures only violating tasks are prevented from execution, while granting availability to remaining tasks. With its hardware approach, PAIR does not cause any run-time overhead to the executing tasks, integrates with real-time operating systems (RTOSs), and is affordable to low-end microcontroller units (MCUs) by incurring +2.3% overhead in memory and hardware usage.
title Resolving Availability and Run-time Integrity Conflicts in Real-Time Embedded Systems
topic Cryptography and Security
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14088