_version_ 1866909913303744512
author Intelligence, Physical
Amin, Ali
Aniceto, Raichelle
Balakrishna, Ashwin
Black, Kevin
Conley, Ken
Connors, Grace
Darpinian, James
Dhabalia, Karan
DiCarlo, Jared
Driess, Danny
Equi, Michael
Esmail, Adnan
Fang, Yunhao
Finn, Chelsea
Glossop, Catherine
Godden, Thomas
Goryachev, Ivan
Groom, Lachy
Hancock, Hunter
Hausman, Karol
Hussein, Gashon
Ichter, Brian
Jakubczak, Szymon
Jen, Rowan
Jones, Tim
Katz, Ben
Ke, Liyiming
Kuchi, Chandra
Lamb, Marinda
LeBlanc, Devin
Levine, Sergey
Li-Bell, Adrian
Lu, Yao
Mano, Vishnu
Mothukuri, Mohith
Nair, Suraj
Pertsch, Karl
Ren, Allen Z.
Sharma, Charvi
Shi, Lucy Xiaoyang
Smith, Laura
Springenberg, Jost Tobias
Stachowicz, Kyle
Stoeckle, Will
Swerdlow, Alex
Tanner, James
Torne, Marcel
Vuong, Quan
Walling, Anna
Wang, Haohuan
Williams, Blake
Yoo, Sukwon
Yu, Lili
Zhilinsky, Ury
Zhou, Zhiyuan
author_facet Intelligence, Physical
Amin, Ali
Aniceto, Raichelle
Balakrishna, Ashwin
Black, Kevin
Conley, Ken
Connors, Grace
Darpinian, James
Dhabalia, Karan
DiCarlo, Jared
Driess, Danny
Equi, Michael
Esmail, Adnan
Fang, Yunhao
Finn, Chelsea
Glossop, Catherine
Godden, Thomas
Goryachev, Ivan
Groom, Lachy
Hancock, Hunter
Hausman, Karol
Hussein, Gashon
Ichter, Brian
Jakubczak, Szymon
Jen, Rowan
Jones, Tim
Katz, Ben
Ke, Liyiming
Kuchi, Chandra
Lamb, Marinda
LeBlanc, Devin
Levine, Sergey
Li-Bell, Adrian
Lu, Yao
Mano, Vishnu
Mothukuri, Mohith
Nair, Suraj
Pertsch, Karl
Ren, Allen Z.
Sharma, Charvi
Shi, Lucy Xiaoyang
Smith, Laura
Springenberg, Jost Tobias
Stachowicz, Kyle
Stoeckle, Will
Swerdlow, Alex
Tanner, James
Torne, Marcel
Vuong, Quan
Walling, Anna
Wang, Haohuan
Williams, Blake
Yoo, Sukwon
Yu, Lili
Zhilinsky, Ury
Zhou, Zhiyuan
contents We study how vision-language-action (VLA) models can improve through real-world deployments via reinforcement learning (RL). We present a general-purpose method, RL with Experience and Corrections via Advantage-conditioned Policies (RECAP), that provides for RL training of VLAs via advantage conditioning. Our method incorporates heterogeneous data into the self-improvement process, including demonstrations, data from on-policy collection, and expert teleoperated interventions provided during autonomous execution. RECAP starts by pre-training a generalist VLA with offline RL, which we call $π^{*}_{0.6}$, that can then be specialized to attain high performance on downstream tasks through on-robot data collection. We show that the $π^{*}_{0.6}$ model trained with the full RECAP method can fold laundry in real homes, reliably assemble boxes, and make espresso drinks using a professional espresso machine. On some of the hardest tasks, RECAP more than doubles task throughput and roughly halves the task failure rate.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_14759
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle $π^{*}_{0.6}$: a VLA That Learns From Experience
Intelligence, Physical
Amin, Ali
Aniceto, Raichelle
Balakrishna, Ashwin
Black, Kevin
Conley, Ken
Connors, Grace
Darpinian, James
Dhabalia, Karan
DiCarlo, Jared
Driess, Danny
Equi, Michael
Esmail, Adnan
Fang, Yunhao
Finn, Chelsea
Glossop, Catherine
Godden, Thomas
Goryachev, Ivan
Groom, Lachy
Hancock, Hunter
Hausman, Karol
Hussein, Gashon
Ichter, Brian
Jakubczak, Szymon
Jen, Rowan
Jones, Tim
Katz, Ben
Ke, Liyiming
Kuchi, Chandra
Lamb, Marinda
LeBlanc, Devin
Levine, Sergey
Li-Bell, Adrian
Lu, Yao
Mano, Vishnu
Mothukuri, Mohith
Nair, Suraj
Pertsch, Karl
Ren, Allen Z.
Sharma, Charvi
Shi, Lucy Xiaoyang
Smith, Laura
Springenberg, Jost Tobias
Stachowicz, Kyle
Stoeckle, Will
Swerdlow, Alex
Tanner, James
Torne, Marcel
Vuong, Quan
Walling, Anna
Wang, Haohuan
Williams, Blake
Yoo, Sukwon
Yu, Lili
Zhilinsky, Ury
Zhou, Zhiyuan
Machine Learning
Robotics
We study how vision-language-action (VLA) models can improve through real-world deployments via reinforcement learning (RL). We present a general-purpose method, RL with Experience and Corrections via Advantage-conditioned Policies (RECAP), that provides for RL training of VLAs via advantage conditioning. Our method incorporates heterogeneous data into the self-improvement process, including demonstrations, data from on-policy collection, and expert teleoperated interventions provided during autonomous execution. RECAP starts by pre-training a generalist VLA with offline RL, which we call $π^{*}_{0.6}$, that can then be specialized to attain high performance on downstream tasks through on-robot data collection. We show that the $π^{*}_{0.6}$ model trained with the full RECAP method can fold laundry in real homes, reliably assemble boxes, and make espresso drinks using a professional espresso machine. On some of the hardest tasks, RECAP more than doubles task throughput and roughly halves the task failure rate.
title $π^{*}_{0.6}$: a VLA That Learns From Experience
topic Machine Learning
Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14759