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Main Authors: Flores, Carla M. Quispe, Kaubruegger, Raphael, Tran, Minh C., Gao, Xun, Rey, Ana Maria, Gong, Zhexuan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14855
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author Flores, Carla M. Quispe
Kaubruegger, Raphael
Tran, Minh C.
Gao, Xun
Rey, Ana Maria
Gong, Zhexuan
author_facet Flores, Carla M. Quispe
Kaubruegger, Raphael
Tran, Minh C.
Gao, Xun
Rey, Ana Maria
Gong, Zhexuan
contents We investigate the fundamental time complexity, as constrained by Lieb-Robinson bounds, for preparing entangled states useful in quantum metrology. We relate the minimum time to the Quantum Fisher Information ($F_Q$) for a system of $N$ quantum spins on a $d$-dimensional lattice with $1/r^α$ interactions with $r$ being the distance between two interacting spins. We focus on states with $F_Q \sim N^{1+γ}$ where $γ\in (0,1]$, i.e., scaling from the standard quantum limit to the Heisenberg limit. For short-range interactions ($α> 2d+1$), we prove the minimum time $t$ scales as $t \gtrsim L^γ$, where $L \sim N^{1/d}$. For long-range interactions, we find a hierarchy of possible speedups: $t \gtrsim L^{γ(α-2d)}$ for $2d < α< 2d+1$, $t \gtrsim \log L$ for $(2-γ)d < α< 2d$, and $t$ may even vanish algebraically in $1/L$ for $α< (2-γ)d$. These bounds extend to the minimum circuit depth required for state preparation, assuming two-qubit gate speeds scale as $1/r^α$. We further show that these bounds are saturable, up to sub-polynomial corrections, for all $α$ at the Heisenberg limit ($γ=1$) and for $α> (2-γ)d$ when $γ<1$. Our results establish a benchmark for the time-optimality of protocols that prepare metrologically useful quantum states.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_14855
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Time complexity in preparing metrologically useful quantum states
Flores, Carla M. Quispe
Kaubruegger, Raphael
Tran, Minh C.
Gao, Xun
Rey, Ana Maria
Gong, Zhexuan
Quantum Physics
We investigate the fundamental time complexity, as constrained by Lieb-Robinson bounds, for preparing entangled states useful in quantum metrology. We relate the minimum time to the Quantum Fisher Information ($F_Q$) for a system of $N$ quantum spins on a $d$-dimensional lattice with $1/r^α$ interactions with $r$ being the distance between two interacting spins. We focus on states with $F_Q \sim N^{1+γ}$ where $γ\in (0,1]$, i.e., scaling from the standard quantum limit to the Heisenberg limit. For short-range interactions ($α> 2d+1$), we prove the minimum time $t$ scales as $t \gtrsim L^γ$, where $L \sim N^{1/d}$. For long-range interactions, we find a hierarchy of possible speedups: $t \gtrsim L^{γ(α-2d)}$ for $2d < α< 2d+1$, $t \gtrsim \log L$ for $(2-γ)d < α< 2d$, and $t$ may even vanish algebraically in $1/L$ for $α< (2-γ)d$. These bounds extend to the minimum circuit depth required for state preparation, assuming two-qubit gate speeds scale as $1/r^α$. We further show that these bounds are saturable, up to sub-polynomial corrections, for all $α$ at the Heisenberg limit ($γ=1$) and for $α> (2-γ)d$ when $γ<1$. Our results establish a benchmark for the time-optimality of protocols that prepare metrologically useful quantum states.
title Time complexity in preparing metrologically useful quantum states
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14855