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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14933 |
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| _version_ | 1866915626093641728 |
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| author | Forberger, Lars Baillie, Jacob T. Feng, Zhaojie Gariepy, Rachel E. Hirani, Sankhya Gamelin, Daniel R. Zhang, Shuai Kaminsky, Werner Pauzauskie, Peter J. |
| author_facet | Forberger, Lars Baillie, Jacob T. Feng, Zhaojie Gariepy, Rachel E. Hirani, Sankhya Gamelin, Daniel R. Zhang, Shuai Kaminsky, Werner Pauzauskie, Peter J. |
| contents | The hexagonal $β$-phase of sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF) is a leading host material for lanthanide upconversion and anti-Stokes fluorescence laser refrigeration based on its low phonon energies and high upconversion efficiency. Recently experiments have been proposed to use this material as an optically-levitated sensor of high-frequency gravitational waves. In order to maximize signal-to-noise in this experiment, the NaYF sensor must have both a two-dimensional, disk-like morphology and also a large mass. Here we report a novel hydrothermal process based on the chelation ligand methylimidodiacetic acid (MIDA) to realize hexagonal $β$-NaYF prisms with corner-to-corner diameters up to 44 $\mathrm{μm}$ while keeping the height around 1 $\mathrm{μm}$. The surface quality is comparable to particles synthesized with EDTA based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Unlike particles synthesized with EDTA the $β$-NaYF particles show no lensing based on curvature of the hexagonal basal plane. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data were refined to the P-62c (#190) space group which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported in the literature. One of six 44 $\mathrm{μm}$ $β$-NaYF disks doped with 10% ytterbium showed laser refrigeration of ($-4.9 \pm 1.0$) K suggesting future applications in both levitated optomechanics and microoptics. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_14933 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ultra-high Aspect Ratio $β$-NaYF Disks via Methyliminodiacetic Acid (MIDA) Forberger, Lars Baillie, Jacob T. Feng, Zhaojie Gariepy, Rachel E. Hirani, Sankhya Gamelin, Daniel R. Zhang, Shuai Kaminsky, Werner Pauzauskie, Peter J. Materials Science The hexagonal $β$-phase of sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF) is a leading host material for lanthanide upconversion and anti-Stokes fluorescence laser refrigeration based on its low phonon energies and high upconversion efficiency. Recently experiments have been proposed to use this material as an optically-levitated sensor of high-frequency gravitational waves. In order to maximize signal-to-noise in this experiment, the NaYF sensor must have both a two-dimensional, disk-like morphology and also a large mass. Here we report a novel hydrothermal process based on the chelation ligand methylimidodiacetic acid (MIDA) to realize hexagonal $β$-NaYF prisms with corner-to-corner diameters up to 44 $\mathrm{μm}$ while keeping the height around 1 $\mathrm{μm}$. The surface quality is comparable to particles synthesized with EDTA based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Unlike particles synthesized with EDTA the $β$-NaYF particles show no lensing based on curvature of the hexagonal basal plane. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data were refined to the P-62c (#190) space group which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported in the literature. One of six 44 $\mathrm{μm}$ $β$-NaYF disks doped with 10% ytterbium showed laser refrigeration of ($-4.9 \pm 1.0$) K suggesting future applications in both levitated optomechanics and microoptics. |
| title | Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ultra-high Aspect Ratio $β$-NaYF Disks via Methyliminodiacetic Acid (MIDA) |
| topic | Materials Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14933 |