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Main Authors: Forberger, Lars, Baillie, Jacob T., Feng, Zhaojie, Gariepy, Rachel E., Hirani, Sankhya, Gamelin, Daniel R., Zhang, Shuai, Kaminsky, Werner, Pauzauskie, Peter J.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14933
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author Forberger, Lars
Baillie, Jacob T.
Feng, Zhaojie
Gariepy, Rachel E.
Hirani, Sankhya
Gamelin, Daniel R.
Zhang, Shuai
Kaminsky, Werner
Pauzauskie, Peter J.
author_facet Forberger, Lars
Baillie, Jacob T.
Feng, Zhaojie
Gariepy, Rachel E.
Hirani, Sankhya
Gamelin, Daniel R.
Zhang, Shuai
Kaminsky, Werner
Pauzauskie, Peter J.
contents The hexagonal $β$-phase of sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF) is a leading host material for lanthanide upconversion and anti-Stokes fluorescence laser refrigeration based on its low phonon energies and high upconversion efficiency. Recently experiments have been proposed to use this material as an optically-levitated sensor of high-frequency gravitational waves. In order to maximize signal-to-noise in this experiment, the NaYF sensor must have both a two-dimensional, disk-like morphology and also a large mass. Here we report a novel hydrothermal process based on the chelation ligand methylimidodiacetic acid (MIDA) to realize hexagonal $β$-NaYF prisms with corner-to-corner diameters up to 44 $\mathrm{μm}$ while keeping the height around 1 $\mathrm{μm}$. The surface quality is comparable to particles synthesized with EDTA based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Unlike particles synthesized with EDTA the $β$-NaYF particles show no lensing based on curvature of the hexagonal basal plane. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data were refined to the P-62c (#190) space group which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported in the literature. One of six 44 $\mathrm{μm}$ $β$-NaYF disks doped with 10% ytterbium showed laser refrigeration of ($-4.9 \pm 1.0$) K suggesting future applications in both levitated optomechanics and microoptics.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_14933
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ultra-high Aspect Ratio $β$-NaYF Disks via Methyliminodiacetic Acid (MIDA)
Forberger, Lars
Baillie, Jacob T.
Feng, Zhaojie
Gariepy, Rachel E.
Hirani, Sankhya
Gamelin, Daniel R.
Zhang, Shuai
Kaminsky, Werner
Pauzauskie, Peter J.
Materials Science
The hexagonal $β$-phase of sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF) is a leading host material for lanthanide upconversion and anti-Stokes fluorescence laser refrigeration based on its low phonon energies and high upconversion efficiency. Recently experiments have been proposed to use this material as an optically-levitated sensor of high-frequency gravitational waves. In order to maximize signal-to-noise in this experiment, the NaYF sensor must have both a two-dimensional, disk-like morphology and also a large mass. Here we report a novel hydrothermal process based on the chelation ligand methylimidodiacetic acid (MIDA) to realize hexagonal $β$-NaYF prisms with corner-to-corner diameters up to 44 $\mathrm{μm}$ while keeping the height around 1 $\mathrm{μm}$. The surface quality is comparable to particles synthesized with EDTA based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Unlike particles synthesized with EDTA the $β$-NaYF particles show no lensing based on curvature of the hexagonal basal plane. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data were refined to the P-62c (#190) space group which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported in the literature. One of six 44 $\mathrm{μm}$ $β$-NaYF disks doped with 10% ytterbium showed laser refrigeration of ($-4.9 \pm 1.0$) K suggesting future applications in both levitated optomechanics and microoptics.
title Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ultra-high Aspect Ratio $β$-NaYF Disks via Methyliminodiacetic Acid (MIDA)
topic Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14933