A Balanced Three-term Generalization of Nicomachus' Identity

Fuente: arXiv
Enregistré dans:
Détails bibliographiques
Auteurs principaux: Kim, Seon-Hong, Stolarsky, Kenneth B.
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
Sujets:
Accès en ligne:
Tags: Ajouter un tag
Pas de tags, Soyez le premier à ajouter un tag!
_version_ 1866909913406504960
author Kim, Seon-Hong
Stolarsky, Kenneth B.
author_facet Kim, Seon-Hong
Stolarsky, Kenneth B.
contents We present a generalization of the classical Nicomachus' identity for the sum of the first $n$ cubes. Unlike previous generalizations, it has three rather than two terms, and involves not just one, but two distinct triangular numbers, and each term is of degree $4$ in $\lfloor n/2 \rfloor$. The asymptotic behavior for large $n$ leads to continued fractions with remarkable (but conjectural) properties. Moreover, we give a way of looking at squares of triangular numbers that involves the square root of $11$ and show it is a limiting case of a non-obvious identity involving truncations of the continued fraction expansion of that square root. The details involve a nonlinear recurrence that (with appropriate initial conditions) unexpectedly produces only integers, a ``Somos-type'' phenomenon.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_15133
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Balanced Three-term Generalization of Nicomachus' Identity
Kim, Seon-Hong
Stolarsky, Kenneth B.
Number Theory
Primary 11B83, Secondary 11D25
We present a generalization of the classical Nicomachus' identity for the sum of the first $n$ cubes. Unlike previous generalizations, it has three rather than two terms, and involves not just one, but two distinct triangular numbers, and each term is of degree $4$ in $\lfloor n/2 \rfloor$. The asymptotic behavior for large $n$ leads to continued fractions with remarkable (but conjectural) properties. Moreover, we give a way of looking at squares of triangular numbers that involves the square root of $11$ and show it is a limiting case of a non-obvious identity involving truncations of the continued fraction expansion of that square root. The details involve a nonlinear recurrence that (with appropriate initial conditions) unexpectedly produces only integers, a ``Somos-type'' phenomenon.
title A Balanced Three-term Generalization of Nicomachus' Identity
topic Number Theory
Primary 11B83, Secondary 11D25
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.15133