Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Maiale, Francesco Paolo, Trofimova, Anastasiia, Guglielmi, Nicola
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.16271
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866913058686763008
author Maiale, Francesco Paolo
Trofimova, Anastasiia
Guglielmi, Nicola
author_facet Maiale, Francesco Paolo
Trofimova, Anastasiia
Guglielmi, Nicola
contents We investigate joint spectral characteristics of a family of matrices $\mathcal F $, associated with products in the semigroup generated by $\mathcal F$. In the literature, extremal measures such as the well-known joint spectral radius and the lower spectral radius have been extensively studied. However, these measures fail to capture the typical growth rate of matrix products, focusing instead on the worst and best-case scenarios. Nevertheless, when examining, for instance, a switching dynamical system, a probabilistic rate of growth, which characterizes typical trajectories, emerges as a highly intriguing and significant measure. In this article, we study the random spectral radius, defined as the spectral radius of a length-$n$ product sampled at random from the semigroup according to a given probability measure. We establish asymptotic results, namely a Law of Large Numbers and a Central Limit Theorem, for diagonal (equivalently, commuting), upper- or lower-triangular, and small perturbations of diagonal matrices. Beyond recovering the correct scaling, we obtain exact closed-form expressions for the limiting value and variance, which may be useful in numerical applications requiring precise constants. In the coalescence regime, where the leading eigenvalues merge, the limiting distribution is non-Gaussian: it is given by the maximum of a correlated Gaussian vector with explicit covariance structure. This phenomenon governs phase transitions between distinct growth regimes in switching systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_16271
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Probabilistic Analysis of the Random Spectral Radius for a Matrix Family
Maiale, Francesco Paolo
Trofimova, Anastasiia
Guglielmi, Nicola
Dynamical Systems
93D40, 60F05, 60B15, 65C20
We investigate joint spectral characteristics of a family of matrices $\mathcal F $, associated with products in the semigroup generated by $\mathcal F$. In the literature, extremal measures such as the well-known joint spectral radius and the lower spectral radius have been extensively studied. However, these measures fail to capture the typical growth rate of matrix products, focusing instead on the worst and best-case scenarios. Nevertheless, when examining, for instance, a switching dynamical system, a probabilistic rate of growth, which characterizes typical trajectories, emerges as a highly intriguing and significant measure. In this article, we study the random spectral radius, defined as the spectral radius of a length-$n$ product sampled at random from the semigroup according to a given probability measure. We establish asymptotic results, namely a Law of Large Numbers and a Central Limit Theorem, for diagonal (equivalently, commuting), upper- or lower-triangular, and small perturbations of diagonal matrices. Beyond recovering the correct scaling, we obtain exact closed-form expressions for the limiting value and variance, which may be useful in numerical applications requiring precise constants. In the coalescence regime, where the leading eigenvalues merge, the limiting distribution is non-Gaussian: it is given by the maximum of a correlated Gaussian vector with explicit covariance structure. This phenomenon governs phase transitions between distinct growth regimes in switching systems.
title Probabilistic Analysis of the Random Spectral Radius for a Matrix Family
topic Dynamical Systems
93D40, 60F05, 60B15, 65C20
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.16271