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Main Authors: Blanchard, Paul-Édouard, McDonald, Alexander, St-Jean, Philippe
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.16895
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author Blanchard, Paul-Édouard
McDonald, Alexander
St-Jean, Philippe
author_facet Blanchard, Paul-Édouard
McDonald, Alexander
St-Jean, Philippe
contents Non-reciprocity is a key resource for pushing the performance of photonic devices beyond the fundamental limits imposed by Lorentz reciprocity. Here, we report on the realization of an optical sensor where non-reciprocal light propagation allows detecting small perturbations with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that scales exponentially with system size. Our approach is based on encoding two Hatano-Nelson (HN) chains, which is equivalent to the bosonic Kitaev model, within the resonant modes of an electro-optics frequency comb. Non-reciprocal light propagation in the frequency domain is realized through simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation of the circulating field inside the optical fiber cavity. We demonstrate the sensing of a small modulating tone coupling the two HN chains with a SNR that scales exponentially with the lattice size, formed from up to 70 frequency modes per chain. Our results open a new paradigm in non-Hermitian sensing, with potential applications in remote sensing including the optical readout of superconducting circuits.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_16895
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Exponentially enhanced sensing through nonreciprocal light propagation
Blanchard, Paul-Édouard
McDonald, Alexander
St-Jean, Philippe
Optics
Quantum Physics
Non-reciprocity is a key resource for pushing the performance of photonic devices beyond the fundamental limits imposed by Lorentz reciprocity. Here, we report on the realization of an optical sensor where non-reciprocal light propagation allows detecting small perturbations with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that scales exponentially with system size. Our approach is based on encoding two Hatano-Nelson (HN) chains, which is equivalent to the bosonic Kitaev model, within the resonant modes of an electro-optics frequency comb. Non-reciprocal light propagation in the frequency domain is realized through simultaneous phase and amplitude modulation of the circulating field inside the optical fiber cavity. We demonstrate the sensing of a small modulating tone coupling the two HN chains with a SNR that scales exponentially with the lattice size, formed from up to 70 frequency modes per chain. Our results open a new paradigm in non-Hermitian sensing, with potential applications in remote sensing including the optical readout of superconducting circuits.
title Exponentially enhanced sensing through nonreciprocal light propagation
topic Optics
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.16895