Exceptional line and pseudospectrum in black hole spectroscopy

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Cao, Li-Ming, Ji, Ming-Fei, Wu, Liang-Bi, Zhou, Yu-Sen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Cao, Li-Ming
Ji, Ming-Fei
Wu, Liang-Bi
Zhou, Yu-Sen
author_facet Cao, Li-Ming
Ji, Ming-Fei
Wu, Liang-Bi
Zhou, Yu-Sen
contents We investigate the exceptional points (EPs) and their pseudospectra in black hole perturbation theory. By considering a Gaussian bump modification to the Regge-Wheeler potential with variable amplitude, position, and width parameters, $(\varepsilon,d,σ_0)$, a continuous line of EPs (exceptional line, EL) in this three-dimensional parameter space is revealed. We find that the vorticity $ν=\pm1/2$ and the Berry phase $γ=π$ for loops encircling the EL, while $ν=0$ and $γ=0$ for those do not encircle the EL. Through matrix perturbation theory, we prove that the $ε$-pseudospectrum contour size scales as $ε^{1/q}$ at an EP, where $q$ is the order of the largest Jordan block of the Hamiltonian-like operator, contrasting with the linear $ε$ scaling at non-EPs. Numerical implements confirm this observation, demonstrating enhanced spectral instability at EPs for non-Hermitian systems including black holes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_17067
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Exceptional line and pseudospectrum in black hole spectroscopy
Cao, Li-Ming
Ji, Ming-Fei
Wu, Liang-Bi
Zhou, Yu-Sen
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Quantum Physics
We investigate the exceptional points (EPs) and their pseudospectra in black hole perturbation theory. By considering a Gaussian bump modification to the Regge-Wheeler potential with variable amplitude, position, and width parameters, $(\varepsilon,d,σ_0)$, a continuous line of EPs (exceptional line, EL) in this three-dimensional parameter space is revealed. We find that the vorticity $ν=\pm1/2$ and the Berry phase $γ=π$ for loops encircling the EL, while $ν=0$ and $γ=0$ for those do not encircle the EL. Through matrix perturbation theory, we prove that the $ε$-pseudospectrum contour size scales as $ε^{1/q}$ at an EP, where $q$ is the order of the largest Jordan block of the Hamiltonian-like operator, contrasting with the linear $ε$ scaling at non-EPs. Numerical implements confirm this observation, demonstrating enhanced spectral instability at EPs for non-Hermitian systems including black holes.
title Exceptional line and pseudospectrum in black hole spectroscopy
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17067