Interpretability from the Ground Up: Stakeholder-Centric Design of Automated Scoring in Educational Assessments

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Kim, Yunsung, Hardy, Mike, Tey, Joseph, Thille, Candace, Piech, Chris
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Kim, Yunsung
Hardy, Mike
Tey, Joseph
Thille, Candace
Piech, Chris
author_facet Kim, Yunsung
Hardy, Mike
Tey, Joseph
Thille, Candace
Piech, Chris
contents AI-driven automated scoring systems offer scalable and efficient means of evaluating complex student-generated responses. Yet, despite increasing demand for transparency and interpretability, the field has yet to develop a widely accepted solution for interpretable automated scoring to be used in large-scale real-world assessments. This work takes a principled approach to address this challenge. We analyze the needs and potential benefits of interpretable automated scoring for various assessment stakeholder groups and develop four principles of interpretability -- (F)aithfulness, (G)roundedness, (T)raceability, and (I)nterchangeability (FGTI) -- targeted at those needs. To illustrate the feasibility of implementing these principles, we develop the AnalyticScore framework as a reference framework. When applied to the domain of text-based constructed-response scoring, AnalyticScore outperforms many uninterpretable scoring methods in terms of scoring accuracy and is, on average, within 0.06 QWK of the uninterpretable SOTA across 10 items from the ASAP-SAS dataset. By comparing against human annotators conducting the same featurization task, we further demonstrate that the featurization behavior of AnalyticScore aligns well with that of humans.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_17069
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Interpretability from the Ground Up: Stakeholder-Centric Design of Automated Scoring in Educational Assessments
Kim, Yunsung
Hardy, Mike
Tey, Joseph
Thille, Candace
Piech, Chris
Computation and Language
AI-driven automated scoring systems offer scalable and efficient means of evaluating complex student-generated responses. Yet, despite increasing demand for transparency and interpretability, the field has yet to develop a widely accepted solution for interpretable automated scoring to be used in large-scale real-world assessments. This work takes a principled approach to address this challenge. We analyze the needs and potential benefits of interpretable automated scoring for various assessment stakeholder groups and develop four principles of interpretability -- (F)aithfulness, (G)roundedness, (T)raceability, and (I)nterchangeability (FGTI) -- targeted at those needs. To illustrate the feasibility of implementing these principles, we develop the AnalyticScore framework as a reference framework. When applied to the domain of text-based constructed-response scoring, AnalyticScore outperforms many uninterpretable scoring methods in terms of scoring accuracy and is, on average, within 0.06 QWK of the uninterpretable SOTA across 10 items from the ASAP-SAS dataset. By comparing against human annotators conducting the same featurization task, we further demonstrate that the featurization behavior of AnalyticScore aligns well with that of humans.
title Interpretability from the Ground Up: Stakeholder-Centric Design of Automated Scoring in Educational Assessments
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17069