Formation of primordial black holes through Q-balls
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866912723010322432 |
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| author | Kasuya, Shinta Kawasaki, Masahiro Kusenko, Alexander Neda, Shunsuke |
| author_facet | Kasuya, Shinta Kawasaki, Masahiro Kusenko, Alexander Neda, Shunsuke |
| contents | We study the primordial black hole (PBH) formation from Q-balls that are non-topological solitons in scalar field theories. We develop a formula for calculating the density perturbations from the Q-ball charge distribution. We also re-examine the condition for the PBH formation in the matter-dominated era and show that the previously derived formula for super-horizon density fluctuations can be applied to the sub-horizon density perturbations. As an example, we consider the Q-balls in the case of gauge-mediated supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking, whose charge distribution was obtained by the lattice simulation. We find that the density perturbations are large enough to produce a significant number of PBHs with mass $10^{-15}\,M_\odot -5\times 10^{-12}\, M_\odot$, which can explain all the dark matter in the universe. In the context of supersymmetry, this mass range corresponds to the SUSY breaking scale $\sim 10^6$ GeV, which is consistent with the SUSY particle masses $\sim 10$ TeV. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_17075 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Formation of primordial black holes through Q-balls Kasuya, Shinta Kawasaki, Masahiro Kusenko, Alexander Neda, Shunsuke High Energy Physics - Phenomenology We study the primordial black hole (PBH) formation from Q-balls that are non-topological solitons in scalar field theories. We develop a formula for calculating the density perturbations from the Q-ball charge distribution. We also re-examine the condition for the PBH formation in the matter-dominated era and show that the previously derived formula for super-horizon density fluctuations can be applied to the sub-horizon density perturbations. As an example, we consider the Q-balls in the case of gauge-mediated supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking, whose charge distribution was obtained by the lattice simulation. We find that the density perturbations are large enough to produce a significant number of PBHs with mass $10^{-15}\,M_\odot -5\times 10^{-12}\, M_\odot$, which can explain all the dark matter in the universe. In the context of supersymmetry, this mass range corresponds to the SUSY breaking scale $\sim 10^6$ GeV, which is consistent with the SUSY particle masses $\sim 10$ TeV. |
| title | Formation of primordial black holes through Q-balls |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17075 |