Further Commentary on the Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm and Tunicate Swarm Algorithm

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Kwok, Ngaiming
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Kwok, Ngaiming
author_facet Kwok, Ngaiming
contents In the article (Kudela, 2022), experimental demonstrations indicated that two Bio-/Nature inspired optimization algorithms (BNIOAs), Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm (STOA) and Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (TSA), exhibit a zero-bias, leading to the conclusion that the claims made in the original papers were overstated. In this work, we extend the analysis by investigating the source of this bias from a probabilistic perspective. Our findings suggest that operations involving exponentiation, trigonometric functions, and divisions between random numbers are the primary causes of design flaws. These operations result in probability density distributions with a noticeable shift toward zero. Therefore, the application of these two algorithms should be approached with due caution.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_17556
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Further Commentary on the Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm and Tunicate Swarm Algorithm
Kwok, Ngaiming
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
In the article (Kudela, 2022), experimental demonstrations indicated that two Bio-/Nature inspired optimization algorithms (BNIOAs), Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm (STOA) and Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (TSA), exhibit a zero-bias, leading to the conclusion that the claims made in the original papers were overstated. In this work, we extend the analysis by investigating the source of this bias from a probabilistic perspective. Our findings suggest that operations involving exponentiation, trigonometric functions, and divisions between random numbers are the primary causes of design flaws. These operations result in probability density distributions with a noticeable shift toward zero. Therefore, the application of these two algorithms should be approached with due caution.
title Further Commentary on the Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm and Tunicate Swarm Algorithm
topic Neural and Evolutionary Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17556