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Main Authors: Karki, Jony, Huang, Dongzhou, Zhao, Yunpeng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17783
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author Karki, Jony
Huang, Dongzhou
Zhao, Yunpeng
author_facet Karki, Jony
Huang, Dongzhou
Zhao, Yunpeng
contents Node popularity is recognized as a key factor in modeling real-world networks, capturing heterogeneity in connectivity across communities. This concept is equally important in bipartite networks, where nodes in different partitions may exhibit varying popularity patterns, motivating models such as the Two-Way Node Popularity Model (TNPM). Existing methods, such as the Two-Stage Divided Cosine (TSDC) algorithm, provide a scalable estimation approach but may have limitations in terms of accuracy or applicability across different types of networks. In this paper, we develop a computationally efficient and theoretically justified variational expectation-maximization (VEM) framework for the TNPM. We establish label consistency for the estimated community assignments produced by the proposed variational estimator in bipartite networks. Through extensive simulation studies, we show that our method achieves superior estimation accuracy across a range of bipartite as well as undirected networks compared to existing algorithms. Finally, we evaluate our method on real-world bipartite and undirected networks, further demonstrating its practical effectiveness and robustness.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_17783
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Variational Estimators for Node Popularity Models
Karki, Jony
Huang, Dongzhou
Zhao, Yunpeng
Machine Learning
62F12
Node popularity is recognized as a key factor in modeling real-world networks, capturing heterogeneity in connectivity across communities. This concept is equally important in bipartite networks, where nodes in different partitions may exhibit varying popularity patterns, motivating models such as the Two-Way Node Popularity Model (TNPM). Existing methods, such as the Two-Stage Divided Cosine (TSDC) algorithm, provide a scalable estimation approach but may have limitations in terms of accuracy or applicability across different types of networks. In this paper, we develop a computationally efficient and theoretically justified variational expectation-maximization (VEM) framework for the TNPM. We establish label consistency for the estimated community assignments produced by the proposed variational estimator in bipartite networks. Through extensive simulation studies, we show that our method achieves superior estimation accuracy across a range of bipartite as well as undirected networks compared to existing algorithms. Finally, we evaluate our method on real-world bipartite and undirected networks, further demonstrating its practical effectiveness and robustness.
title Variational Estimators for Node Popularity Models
topic Machine Learning
62F12
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17783