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Main Authors: Garg, Kartik, Mishra, Shourya, Sinha, Kartikeya, Singh, Ojaswi Pratap, Chopra, Ayush, Rai, Kanishk, Sheikh, Ammar, Maheshwari, Raghav, Chadha, Aman, Jain, Vinija, Das, Amitava
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17937
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author Garg, Kartik
Mishra, Shourya
Sinha, Kartikeya
Singh, Ojaswi Pratap
Chopra, Ayush
Rai, Kanishk
Sheikh, Ammar
Maheshwari, Raghav
Chadha, Aman
Jain, Vinija
Das, Amitava
author_facet Garg, Kartik
Mishra, Shourya
Sinha, Kartikeya
Singh, Ojaswi Pratap
Chopra, Ayush
Rai, Kanishk
Sheikh, Ammar
Maheshwari, Raghav
Chadha, Aman
Jain, Vinija
Das, Amitava
contents Alignment faking is a form of strategic deception in AI in which models selectively comply with training objectives when they infer that they are in training, while preserving different behavior outside training. The phenomenon was first documented for Claude 3 Opus and later examined across additional large language models. In these setups, the word "training" refers to simulated training via prompts without parameter updates, so the observed effects are context conditioned shifts in behavior rather than preference learning. We study the phenomenon using an evaluation framework that compares preference optimization methods (BCO, DPO, KTO, and GRPO) across 15 models from four model families, measured along three axes: safety, harmlessness, and helpfulness. Our goal is to identify what causes alignment faking and when it occurs.
format Preprint
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Alignment Faking - the Train -> Deploy Asymmetry: Through a Game-Theoretic Lens with Bayesian-Stackelberg Equilibria
Garg, Kartik
Mishra, Shourya
Sinha, Kartikeya
Singh, Ojaswi Pratap
Chopra, Ayush
Rai, Kanishk
Sheikh, Ammar
Maheshwari, Raghav
Chadha, Aman
Jain, Vinija
Das, Amitava
Artificial Intelligence
Alignment faking is a form of strategic deception in AI in which models selectively comply with training objectives when they infer that they are in training, while preserving different behavior outside training. The phenomenon was first documented for Claude 3 Opus and later examined across additional large language models. In these setups, the word "training" refers to simulated training via prompts without parameter updates, so the observed effects are context conditioned shifts in behavior rather than preference learning. We study the phenomenon using an evaluation framework that compares preference optimization methods (BCO, DPO, KTO, and GRPO) across 15 models from four model families, measured along three axes: safety, harmlessness, and helpfulness. Our goal is to identify what causes alignment faking and when it occurs.
title Alignment Faking - the Train -> Deploy Asymmetry: Through a Game-Theoretic Lens with Bayesian-Stackelberg Equilibria
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17937