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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Su, Tingting, Zhang, Xinyue, Zhao, Jingyi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.18257
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Table of Contents:
  • This paper proposes an Acceleration and Load-Dependent Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (ALD-EVRP), to optimize the energy consumption (EC) while capturing the effects of changing traffic conditions between peak and off-peak periods. We generalize the time-dependent speed model by replacing step functions with piecewise linear functions. The EC of each vehicle is influenced by its speed, acceleration, and real-time load. A mathematical model is developed and solved using BonMin, and a custom meta-heuristic algorithm is proposed for large-scale problems, yielding the same results as BonMin on small problems and performing better on larger ones. This is validated with real data from Singapore.