MultiDiffNet: A Multi-Objective Diffusion Framework for Generalizable Brain Decoding

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhang, Mengchun, Shapovalenko, Kateryna, Shao, Yucheng, Guo, Eddie, Pradhan, Parusha
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Zhang, Mengchun
Shapovalenko, Kateryna
Shao, Yucheng
Guo, Eddie
Pradhan, Parusha
author_facet Zhang, Mengchun
Shapovalenko, Kateryna
Shao, Yucheng
Guo, Eddie
Pradhan, Parusha
contents Neural decoding from electroencephalography (EEG) remains fundamentally limited by poor generalization to unseen subjects, driven by high inter-subject variability and the lack of large-scale datasets to model it effectively. Existing methods often rely on synthetic subject generation or simplistic data augmentation, but these strategies fail to scale or generalize reliably. We introduce \textit{MultiDiffNet}, a diffusion-based framework that bypasses generative augmentation entirely by learning a compact latent space optimized for multiple objectives. We decode directly from this space and achieve state-of-the-art generalization across various neural decoding tasks using subject and session disjoint evaluation. We also curate and release a unified benchmark suite spanning four EEG decoding tasks of increasing complexity (SSVEP, Motor Imagery, P300, and Imagined Speech) and an evaluation protocol that addresses inconsistent split practices in prior EEG research. Finally, we develop a statistical reporting framework tailored for low-trial EEG settings. Our work provides a reproducible and open-source foundation for subject-agnostic EEG decoding in real-world BCI systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_18294
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle MultiDiffNet: A Multi-Objective Diffusion Framework for Generalizable Brain Decoding
Zhang, Mengchun
Shapovalenko, Kateryna
Shao, Yucheng
Guo, Eddie
Pradhan, Parusha
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Human-Computer Interaction
Neurons and Cognition
Neural decoding from electroencephalography (EEG) remains fundamentally limited by poor generalization to unseen subjects, driven by high inter-subject variability and the lack of large-scale datasets to model it effectively. Existing methods often rely on synthetic subject generation or simplistic data augmentation, but these strategies fail to scale or generalize reliably. We introduce \textit{MultiDiffNet}, a diffusion-based framework that bypasses generative augmentation entirely by learning a compact latent space optimized for multiple objectives. We decode directly from this space and achieve state-of-the-art generalization across various neural decoding tasks using subject and session disjoint evaluation. We also curate and release a unified benchmark suite spanning four EEG decoding tasks of increasing complexity (SSVEP, Motor Imagery, P300, and Imagined Speech) and an evaluation protocol that addresses inconsistent split practices in prior EEG research. Finally, we develop a statistical reporting framework tailored for low-trial EEG settings. Our work provides a reproducible and open-source foundation for subject-agnostic EEG decoding in real-world BCI systems.
title MultiDiffNet: A Multi-Objective Diffusion Framework for Generalizable Brain Decoding
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Human-Computer Interaction
Neurons and Cognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.18294