Fewer Tokens, Greater Scaling: Self-Adaptive Visual Bases for Efficient and Expansive Representation Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Young, Shawn, Zeng, Xingyu, Xu, Lijian
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Young, Shawn
Zeng, Xingyu
Xu, Lijian
author_facet Young, Shawn
Zeng, Xingyu
Xu, Lijian
contents This paper investigates the fundamental relationship between model capacity and the minimal number of visual tokens required to preserve image semantics. Inspired by the Minimum Description Length principle, we reinterpret image tokens as vectors in a visual semantic space and define the intrinsic semantic complexity of an image as the smallest set of basis vectors needed to span this space. Building on this perspective, we propose Orthogonal Filtering, a lightweight module that adaptively clusters redundant tokens into a compact set of orthogonal bases. Through extensive experiments across a range of ViT models, we reveal a consistent token, model scaling law: larger models require significantly fewer tokens to span visual semantic space. Besides, we also contribute a visual long-context dataset.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_19515
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Fewer Tokens, Greater Scaling: Self-Adaptive Visual Bases for Efficient and Expansive Representation Learning
Young, Shawn
Zeng, Xingyu
Xu, Lijian
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
This paper investigates the fundamental relationship between model capacity and the minimal number of visual tokens required to preserve image semantics. Inspired by the Minimum Description Length principle, we reinterpret image tokens as vectors in a visual semantic space and define the intrinsic semantic complexity of an image as the smallest set of basis vectors needed to span this space. Building on this perspective, we propose Orthogonal Filtering, a lightweight module that adaptively clusters redundant tokens into a compact set of orthogonal bases. Through extensive experiments across a range of ViT models, we reveal a consistent token, model scaling law: larger models require significantly fewer tokens to span visual semantic space. Besides, we also contribute a visual long-context dataset.
title Fewer Tokens, Greater Scaling: Self-Adaptive Visual Bases for Efficient and Expansive Representation Learning
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.19515