Beyond the Monsters: A More Complete Census of Black Hole Activity at Cosmic Dawn

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Brooks, Madisyn, Trump, Jonathan R., Simons, Raymond C., Cole, Justin, Taylor, Anthony J., Bagley, Micaela B., Finkelstein, Steven L., Davis, Kelcey, Amorín, Ricardio O., Backhaus, Bren E., Cleri, Nikko J., Giavalisco, Mauro, Grogin, Norman A., Hirschmann, Michaela, Holwerda, Benne W., Huertas-Company, Marc, Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., Kocevksi, Dale D., Koekemoer, Anton M., Lucas, Ray A., Pacucci, Fabio, Wang, Xin
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Brooks, Madisyn
Trump, Jonathan R.
Simons, Raymond C.
Cole, Justin
Taylor, Anthony J.
Bagley, Micaela B.
Finkelstein, Steven L.
Davis, Kelcey
Amorín, Ricardio O.
Backhaus, Bren E.
Cleri, Nikko J.
Giavalisco, Mauro
Grogin, Norman A.
Hirschmann, Michaela
Holwerda, Benne W.
Huertas-Company, Marc
Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.
Kocevksi, Dale D.
Koekemoer, Anton M.
Lucas, Ray A.
Pacucci, Fabio
Wang, Xin
author_facet Brooks, Madisyn
Trump, Jonathan R.
Simons, Raymond C.
Cole, Justin
Taylor, Anthony J.
Bagley, Micaela B.
Finkelstein, Steven L.
Davis, Kelcey
Amorín, Ricardio O.
Backhaus, Bren E.
Cleri, Nikko J.
Giavalisco, Mauro
Grogin, Norman A.
Hirschmann, Michaela
Holwerda, Benne W.
Huertas-Company, Marc
Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.
Kocevksi, Dale D.
Koekemoer, Anton M.
Lucas, Ray A.
Pacucci, Fabio
Wang, Xin
contents JWST has revealed an abundance of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGN) at high redshifts ($z > 3$), pushing the limits of black hole (BH) science in the early Universe. Results have claimed that these BHs are significantly more massive than expected from the BH mass-host galaxy stellar mass relation derived from the local Universe. We present a comprehensive census of the BH populations in the early Universe through a detailed stacking analysis of galaxy populations, binned by luminosity and redshift, using JWST spectroscopy from the CEERS, JADES, RUBIES, and GLASS extragalactic deep field surveys. Broad H$α$ detections in $31\%$ of the stacked spectra (5/16 bins) imply median BH masses of $10^{5.21} - 10^{6.13}~ \rm{M_{\odot}}$ and the stacked SEDs of these bins indicate median stellar masses of $10^{7.84} - 10^{8.56} ~\rm{M_{\odot}}$. This suggests that the median galaxy hosts a BH that is at most a factor of 10 times over-massive compared to its host galaxy and lies closer to the locally derived $M_{BH}-M_*$ relation. We investigate the seeding properties of the inferred BHs and find that they can be well-explained by a light stellar remnant seed undergoing moderate Eddington accretion. Our results indicate that individual detections of AGN are more likely to sample the upper envelope of the $M_{BH}-M_*$ distribution, while stacking on ``normal" galaxies and searching for AGN signatures can overcome the selection bias of individual detections.
format Preprint
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Beyond the Monsters: A More Complete Census of Black Hole Activity at Cosmic Dawn
Brooks, Madisyn
Trump, Jonathan R.
Simons, Raymond C.
Cole, Justin
Taylor, Anthony J.
Bagley, Micaela B.
Finkelstein, Steven L.
Davis, Kelcey
Amorín, Ricardio O.
Backhaus, Bren E.
Cleri, Nikko J.
Giavalisco, Mauro
Grogin, Norman A.
Hirschmann, Michaela
Holwerda, Benne W.
Huertas-Company, Marc
Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.
Kocevksi, Dale D.
Koekemoer, Anton M.
Lucas, Ray A.
Pacucci, Fabio
Wang, Xin
Astrophysics of Galaxies
JWST has revealed an abundance of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGN) at high redshifts ($z > 3$), pushing the limits of black hole (BH) science in the early Universe. Results have claimed that these BHs are significantly more massive than expected from the BH mass-host galaxy stellar mass relation derived from the local Universe. We present a comprehensive census of the BH populations in the early Universe through a detailed stacking analysis of galaxy populations, binned by luminosity and redshift, using JWST spectroscopy from the CEERS, JADES, RUBIES, and GLASS extragalactic deep field surveys. Broad H$α$ detections in $31\%$ of the stacked spectra (5/16 bins) imply median BH masses of $10^{5.21} - 10^{6.13}~ \rm{M_{\odot}}$ and the stacked SEDs of these bins indicate median stellar masses of $10^{7.84} - 10^{8.56} ~\rm{M_{\odot}}$. This suggests that the median galaxy hosts a BH that is at most a factor of 10 times over-massive compared to its host galaxy and lies closer to the locally derived $M_{BH}-M_*$ relation. We investigate the seeding properties of the inferred BHs and find that they can be well-explained by a light stellar remnant seed undergoing moderate Eddington accretion. Our results indicate that individual detections of AGN are more likely to sample the upper envelope of the $M_{BH}-M_*$ distribution, while stacking on ``normal" galaxies and searching for AGN signatures can overcome the selection bias of individual detections.
title Beyond the Monsters: A More Complete Census of Black Hole Activity at Cosmic Dawn
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.19609