PolarStore: High-Performance Data Compression for Large-Scale Cloud-Native Databases

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Hu, Qingda, Yang, Xinjun, Li, Feifei, Li, Junru, Lin, Ya, Zhou, Yuqi, Zhu, Yicong, Zhang, Junwei, Xie, Rongbiao, Zhou, Ling, Wu, Bin, Zhou, Wenchao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Hu, Qingda
Yang, Xinjun
Li, Feifei
Li, Junru
Lin, Ya
Zhou, Yuqi
Zhu, Yicong
Zhang, Junwei
Xie, Rongbiao
Zhou, Ling
Wu, Bin
Zhou, Wenchao
author_facet Hu, Qingda
Yang, Xinjun
Li, Feifei
Li, Junru
Lin, Ya
Zhou, Yuqi
Zhu, Yicong
Zhang, Junwei
Xie, Rongbiao
Zhou, Ling
Wu, Bin
Zhou, Wenchao
contents In recent years, resource elasticity and cost optimization have become essential for RDBMSs. While cloud-native RDBMSs provide elastic computing resources via disaggregated computing and storage, storage costs remain a critical user concern. Consequently, data compression emerges as an effective strategy to reduce storage costs. However, existing compression approaches in RDBMSs present a stark trade-off: software-based approaches incur significant performance overheads, while hardware-based alternatives lack the flexibility required for diverse database workloads. In this paper, we present PolarStore, a compressed shared storage system for cloud-native RDBMSs. PolarStore employs a dual-layer compression mechanism that combines in-storage compression in PolarCSD hardware with lightweight compression in software. This design leverages the strengths of both approaches. PolarStore also incorporates database-oriented optimizations to maintain high performance on critical I/O paths. Drawing from large-scale deployment experiences, we also introduce hardware improvements for PolarCSD to ensure host-level stability and propose a compression-aware scheduling scheme to improve cluster-level space efficiency. PolarStore is currently deployed on thousands of storage servers within PolarDB, managing over 100 PB of data. It achieves a compression ratio of 3.55 and reduces storage costs by approximately 60%. Remarkably, these savings are achieved while maintaining performance comparable to uncompressed clusters.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_19949
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle PolarStore: High-Performance Data Compression for Large-Scale Cloud-Native Databases
Hu, Qingda
Yang, Xinjun
Li, Feifei
Li, Junru
Lin, Ya
Zhou, Yuqi
Zhu, Yicong
Zhang, Junwei
Xie, Rongbiao
Zhou, Ling
Wu, Bin
Zhou, Wenchao
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Databases
In recent years, resource elasticity and cost optimization have become essential for RDBMSs. While cloud-native RDBMSs provide elastic computing resources via disaggregated computing and storage, storage costs remain a critical user concern. Consequently, data compression emerges as an effective strategy to reduce storage costs. However, existing compression approaches in RDBMSs present a stark trade-off: software-based approaches incur significant performance overheads, while hardware-based alternatives lack the flexibility required for diverse database workloads. In this paper, we present PolarStore, a compressed shared storage system for cloud-native RDBMSs. PolarStore employs a dual-layer compression mechanism that combines in-storage compression in PolarCSD hardware with lightweight compression in software. This design leverages the strengths of both approaches. PolarStore also incorporates database-oriented optimizations to maintain high performance on critical I/O paths. Drawing from large-scale deployment experiences, we also introduce hardware improvements for PolarCSD to ensure host-level stability and propose a compression-aware scheduling scheme to improve cluster-level space efficiency. PolarStore is currently deployed on thousands of storage servers within PolarDB, managing over 100 PB of data. It achieves a compression ratio of 3.55 and reduces storage costs by approximately 60%. Remarkably, these savings are achieved while maintaining performance comparable to uncompressed clusters.
title PolarStore: High-Performance Data Compression for Large-Scale Cloud-Native Databases
topic Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Databases
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.19949