EM2LDL: A Multilingual Speech Corpus for Mixed Emotion Recognition through Label Distribution Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Xingfeng, Shi, Xiaohan, Li, Junjie, Li, Yongwei, Unoki, Masashi, Toda, Tomoki, Akagi, Masato
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Li, Xingfeng
Shi, Xiaohan
Li, Junjie
Li, Yongwei
Unoki, Masashi
Toda, Tomoki
Akagi, Masato
author_facet Li, Xingfeng
Shi, Xiaohan
Li, Junjie
Li, Yongwei
Unoki, Masashi
Toda, Tomoki
Akagi, Masato
contents This study introduces EM2LDL, a novel multilingual speech corpus designed to advance mixed emotion recognition through label distribution learning. Addressing the limitations of predominantly monolingual and single-label emotion corpora \textcolor{black}{that restrict linguistic diversity, are unable to model mixed emotions, and lack ecological validity}, EM2LDL comprises expressive utterances in English, Mandarin, and Cantonese, capturing the intra-utterance code-switching prevalent in multilingual regions like Hong Kong and Macao. The corpus integrates spontaneous emotional expressions from online platforms, annotated with fine-grained emotion distributions across 32 categories. Experimental baselines using self-supervised learning models demonstrate robust performance in speaker-independent gender-, age-, and personality-based evaluations, with HuBERT-large-EN achieving optimal results. By incorporating linguistic diversity and ecological validity, EM2LDL enables the exploration of complex emotional dynamics in multilingual settings. This work provides a versatile testbed for developing adaptive, empathetic systems for applications in affective computing, including mental health monitoring and cross-cultural communication. The dataset, annotations, and baseline codes are publicly available at https://github.com/xingfengli/EM2LDL.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_20106
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle EM2LDL: A Multilingual Speech Corpus for Mixed Emotion Recognition through Label Distribution Learning
Li, Xingfeng
Shi, Xiaohan
Li, Junjie
Li, Yongwei
Unoki, Masashi
Toda, Tomoki
Akagi, Masato
Computation and Language
This study introduces EM2LDL, a novel multilingual speech corpus designed to advance mixed emotion recognition through label distribution learning. Addressing the limitations of predominantly monolingual and single-label emotion corpora \textcolor{black}{that restrict linguistic diversity, are unable to model mixed emotions, and lack ecological validity}, EM2LDL comprises expressive utterances in English, Mandarin, and Cantonese, capturing the intra-utterance code-switching prevalent in multilingual regions like Hong Kong and Macao. The corpus integrates spontaneous emotional expressions from online platforms, annotated with fine-grained emotion distributions across 32 categories. Experimental baselines using self-supervised learning models demonstrate robust performance in speaker-independent gender-, age-, and personality-based evaluations, with HuBERT-large-EN achieving optimal results. By incorporating linguistic diversity and ecological validity, EM2LDL enables the exploration of complex emotional dynamics in multilingual settings. This work provides a versatile testbed for developing adaptive, empathetic systems for applications in affective computing, including mental health monitoring and cross-cultural communication. The dataset, annotations, and baseline codes are publicly available at https://github.com/xingfengli/EM2LDL.
title EM2LDL: A Multilingual Speech Corpus for Mixed Emotion Recognition through Label Distribution Learning
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.20106