X-ray Microscopy Study of Freezing Sessile Droplets
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866911286601711616 |
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| author | Im, Jae Kwan An, Hyeonjun Kim, Seob-Gu Lim, Jae-Hong Jeong, Joonwoo |
| author_facet | Im, Jae Kwan An, Hyeonjun Kim, Seob-Gu Lim, Jae-Hong Jeong, Joonwoo |
| contents | A sessile water droplet on a cold substrate freezes into a shape with a sharp apex because of water's expansion upon freezing, yielding a universal tip angle across various conditions. Using \textit{in situ} X-ray imaging, we report that this angle changes with substrate temperature, and the deviation originates from bubble formation during freezing. Three-dimensional tomography enables direct quantification of the effective ice-water density ratio, accounting for trapped bubbles. Incorporating this effective density ratio reconciles the temperature-dependent tip angles. We also confirm that a bubble-free frozen droplet in a vacuum chamber exhibits the universal tip angle. Furthermore, X-ray imaging allows us to measure the three-phase boundary angles \textit{in situ}, thereby validating the geometric theory behind tip formation. These findings advance our understanding of the freezing dynamics associated with multiphase systems and highlight the capabilities of high-resolution X-ray imaging in ice research. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_20571 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | X-ray Microscopy Study of Freezing Sessile Droplets Im, Jae Kwan An, Hyeonjun Kim, Seob-Gu Lim, Jae-Hong Jeong, Joonwoo Soft Condensed Matter A sessile water droplet on a cold substrate freezes into a shape with a sharp apex because of water's expansion upon freezing, yielding a universal tip angle across various conditions. Using \textit{in situ} X-ray imaging, we report that this angle changes with substrate temperature, and the deviation originates from bubble formation during freezing. Three-dimensional tomography enables direct quantification of the effective ice-water density ratio, accounting for trapped bubbles. Incorporating this effective density ratio reconciles the temperature-dependent tip angles. We also confirm that a bubble-free frozen droplet in a vacuum chamber exhibits the universal tip angle. Furthermore, X-ray imaging allows us to measure the three-phase boundary angles \textit{in situ}, thereby validating the geometric theory behind tip formation. These findings advance our understanding of the freezing dynamics associated with multiphase systems and highlight the capabilities of high-resolution X-ray imaging in ice research. |
| title | X-ray Microscopy Study of Freezing Sessile Droplets |
| topic | Soft Condensed Matter |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.20571 |