Personal Data Processing for Behavioural Targeting: Which Legal Basis?

Fuente: arXiv
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Autore principale: Borgesius, Frederik Zuiderveen
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Borgesius, Frederik Zuiderveen
author_facet Borgesius, Frederik Zuiderveen
contents The European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights only allows personal data processing if a data controller has a legal basis for the processing. This paper argues that in most circumstances the only available legal basis for the processing of personal data for behavioural targeting is the data subject's unambiguous consent. Furthermore, the paper argues that the cookie consent requirement from the ePrivacy Directive does not provide a legal basis for the processing of personal data. Therefore: even if companies could use an opt-out system to comply with the e-Privacy Directive's consent requirement for using a tracking cookie, they would generally have to obtain the data subject's unambiguous consent if they process personal data for behavioural targeting.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_20745
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Personal Data Processing for Behavioural Targeting: Which Legal Basis?
Borgesius, Frederik Zuiderveen
Computers and Society
The European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights only allows personal data processing if a data controller has a legal basis for the processing. This paper argues that in most circumstances the only available legal basis for the processing of personal data for behavioural targeting is the data subject's unambiguous consent. Furthermore, the paper argues that the cookie consent requirement from the ePrivacy Directive does not provide a legal basis for the processing of personal data. Therefore: even if companies could use an opt-out system to comply with the e-Privacy Directive's consent requirement for using a tracking cookie, they would generally have to obtain the data subject's unambiguous consent if they process personal data for behavioural targeting.
title Personal Data Processing for Behavioural Targeting: Which Legal Basis?
topic Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.20745