A statistical framework for comparing epidemic forests

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Geismar, Cyril, White, Peter J., Cori, Anne, Jombar, Thibaut
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Geismar, Cyril
White, Peter J.
Cori, Anne
Jombar, Thibaut
author_facet Geismar, Cyril
White, Peter J.
Cori, Anne
Jombar, Thibaut
contents Inferring who infected whom in an outbreak is essential for characterising transmission dynamics and guiding public health interventions. However, this task is challenging due to limited surveillance data and the complexity of immunological and social interactions. Instead of a single definitive transmission tree, epidemiologists often consider multiple plausible trees forming \textit{epidemic forests}. Various inference methods and assumptions can yield different epidemic forests, yet no formal test exists to assess whether these differences are statistically significant. We propose such a framework using a chi-square test and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). We assessed each method's ability to distinguish simulated epidemic forests generated under different offspring distributions. While both methods achieved perfect specificity for forests with 100+ trees, PERMANOVA consistently outperformed the chi-square test in sensitivity across all epidemic and forest sizes. Implemented in the R package \textit{mixtree}, we provide the first statistical framework to robustly compare epidemic forests.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_20819
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A statistical framework for comparing epidemic forests
Geismar, Cyril
White, Peter J.
Cori, Anne
Jombar, Thibaut
Quantitative Methods
Applications
Methodology
Inferring who infected whom in an outbreak is essential for characterising transmission dynamics and guiding public health interventions. However, this task is challenging due to limited surveillance data and the complexity of immunological and social interactions. Instead of a single definitive transmission tree, epidemiologists often consider multiple plausible trees forming \textit{epidemic forests}. Various inference methods and assumptions can yield different epidemic forests, yet no formal test exists to assess whether these differences are statistically significant. We propose such a framework using a chi-square test and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). We assessed each method's ability to distinguish simulated epidemic forests generated under different offspring distributions. While both methods achieved perfect specificity for forests with 100+ trees, PERMANOVA consistently outperformed the chi-square test in sensitivity across all epidemic and forest sizes. Implemented in the R package \textit{mixtree}, we provide the first statistical framework to robustly compare epidemic forests.
title A statistical framework for comparing epidemic forests
topic Quantitative Methods
Applications
Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.20819