Symbiotic Brain-Machine Drawing via Visual Brain-Computer Interfaces

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wang, Gao, Huang, Yingying, Muckli, Lars, Faccio, Daniele
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Wang, Gao
Huang, Yingying
Muckli, Lars
Faccio, Daniele
author_facet Wang, Gao
Huang, Yingying
Muckli, Lars
Faccio, Daniele
contents Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are evolving from research prototypes into clinical, assistive, and performance enhancement technologies. Despite the rapid rise and promise of implantable technologies, there is a need for better and more capable wearable and non-invasive approaches whilst also minimising hardware requirements. We present a non-invasive BCI for mind-drawing that iteratively infers a subject's internal visual intent by adaptively presenting visual stimuli (probes) on a screen encoded at different flicker-frequencies and analyses the steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). A Gabor-inspired or machine-learned policies dynamically update the spatial placement of the visual probes on the screen to explore the image space and reconstruct simple imagined shapes within approximately two minutes or less using just single-channel EEG data. Additionally, by leveraging stable diffusion models, reconstructed mental images can be transformed into realistic and detailed visual representations. Whilst we expect that similar results might be achievable with e.g. eye-tracking techniques, our work shows that symbiotic human-AI interaction can significantly increase BCI bit-rates by more than a factor 5x, providing a platform for future development of AI-augmented BCI.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_20835
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Symbiotic Brain-Machine Drawing via Visual Brain-Computer Interfaces
Wang, Gao
Huang, Yingying
Muckli, Lars
Faccio, Daniele
Neurons and Cognition
Human-Computer Interaction
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are evolving from research prototypes into clinical, assistive, and performance enhancement technologies. Despite the rapid rise and promise of implantable technologies, there is a need for better and more capable wearable and non-invasive approaches whilst also minimising hardware requirements. We present a non-invasive BCI for mind-drawing that iteratively infers a subject's internal visual intent by adaptively presenting visual stimuli (probes) on a screen encoded at different flicker-frequencies and analyses the steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). A Gabor-inspired or machine-learned policies dynamically update the spatial placement of the visual probes on the screen to explore the image space and reconstruct simple imagined shapes within approximately two minutes or less using just single-channel EEG data. Additionally, by leveraging stable diffusion models, reconstructed mental images can be transformed into realistic and detailed visual representations. Whilst we expect that similar results might be achievable with e.g. eye-tracking techniques, our work shows that symbiotic human-AI interaction can significantly increase BCI bit-rates by more than a factor 5x, providing a platform for future development of AI-augmented BCI.
title Symbiotic Brain-Machine Drawing via Visual Brain-Computer Interfaces
topic Neurons and Cognition
Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.20835