Probing the Nature of High-Redshift Long GRB 250114A and Its Magnetar Central Engine

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Main Authors: Yu, Wen-Yuan, Lü, Hou-Jun, Tian, Xiao, Chen, Liang-Jun, Liang, En-Wei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Yu, Wen-Yuan
Lü, Hou-Jun
Tian, Xiao
Chen, Liang-Jun
Liang, En-Wei
author_facet Yu, Wen-Yuan
Lü, Hou-Jun
Tian, Xiao
Chen, Liang-Jun
Liang, En-Wei
contents GRB 250114A is a long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) which triggered the Swift/BAT with a spectroscopic high-redshift at $z = 4.732$. The light curve of the prompt emission is composed of three distinct emission episodes, which are separated by quiescent gaps ranging from tens to hundreds of seconds. While the X-ray light curve exhibits the canonical X-ray emission which is composed of several power-law segments superposition of a giant X-ray flare. More interestingly, there is still significant X-ray emission during the quiescent time in the prompt emission, suggesting a continuously active central engine whose power fluctuates across the $γ$-ray detectability threshold. In this paper, we propose a magnetar as the central engine of GRB 250114A by fitting the X-ray light curve, and infer a magnetic field strength $B_{\rm p}=13.24^{+1.73}_{-5.84} \, \times10^{15}\ \mathrm{G}$ and an initial spin period $P_{0}=14.31^{+0.93}_{-3.16} \, \mathrm{ms}$ of magnetar, with a jet correction, fall within a reasonable range. Furthermore, we also compare the prompt emission, X-ray afterglow, $E_{\mathrm p}$-$E_{γ,\mathrm{iso}}$, and $\varepsilon-$distribution of GBR 250114A with those of other high-$z$ sample-GRBs, and find no significant statistical differences between them.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_21419
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Probing the Nature of High-Redshift Long GRB 250114A and Its Magnetar Central Engine
Yu, Wen-Yuan
Lü, Hou-Jun
Tian, Xiao
Chen, Liang-Jun
Liang, En-Wei
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
GRB 250114A is a long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) which triggered the Swift/BAT with a spectroscopic high-redshift at $z = 4.732$. The light curve of the prompt emission is composed of three distinct emission episodes, which are separated by quiescent gaps ranging from tens to hundreds of seconds. While the X-ray light curve exhibits the canonical X-ray emission which is composed of several power-law segments superposition of a giant X-ray flare. More interestingly, there is still significant X-ray emission during the quiescent time in the prompt emission, suggesting a continuously active central engine whose power fluctuates across the $γ$-ray detectability threshold. In this paper, we propose a magnetar as the central engine of GRB 250114A by fitting the X-ray light curve, and infer a magnetic field strength $B_{\rm p}=13.24^{+1.73}_{-5.84} \, \times10^{15}\ \mathrm{G}$ and an initial spin period $P_{0}=14.31^{+0.93}_{-3.16} \, \mathrm{ms}$ of magnetar, with a jet correction, fall within a reasonable range. Furthermore, we also compare the prompt emission, X-ray afterglow, $E_{\mathrm p}$-$E_{γ,\mathrm{iso}}$, and $\varepsilon-$distribution of GBR 250114A with those of other high-$z$ sample-GRBs, and find no significant statistical differences between them.
title Probing the Nature of High-Redshift Long GRB 250114A and Its Magnetar Central Engine
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21419