Quantum theory of electrically levitated nanoparticle-ion systems: Motional dynamics and sympathetic cooling
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Gupta, Saurabh Faulend, Bernard Bykov, Dmitry S. Northup, Tracy E. Gonzalez-Ballestero, Carlos |
| author_facet | Gupta, Saurabh Faulend, Bernard Bykov, Dmitry S. Northup, Tracy E. Gonzalez-Ballestero, Carlos |
| contents | We develop the theory describing the quantum coupled dynamics of the center-of-mass motion of a nanoparticle and an ensemble of ions co-trapped in a dual-frequency linear Paul trap. We first derive analytical expressions for the motional frequencies and classical trajectories of both nanoparticle and ions. We then derive a quantum master equation for the ion-nanoparticle system and quantify the sympathetic cooling of the nanoparticle motion enabled by its Coulomb coupling to a continuously Doppler-cooled ion. We predict that motional cooling down to sub-kelvin temperatures is achievable in state-of-the-art experiments even in the absence of motional feedback and in the presence of micromotion. We then extend our analysis to an ensemble of $N$ ions, predicting a linear increase of the cooling rate as a function of $N$ and motional cooling of the nanoparticle down to tenths of millikelvin in current experimental platforms. Our work establishes the theoretical toolbox needed to explore the ion-assisted preparation of non-Gaussian motional states of levitated nanoparticles. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_21495 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Quantum theory of electrically levitated nanoparticle-ion systems: Motional dynamics and sympathetic cooling Gupta, Saurabh Faulend, Bernard Bykov, Dmitry S. Northup, Tracy E. Gonzalez-Ballestero, Carlos Quantum Physics Atomic Physics We develop the theory describing the quantum coupled dynamics of the center-of-mass motion of a nanoparticle and an ensemble of ions co-trapped in a dual-frequency linear Paul trap. We first derive analytical expressions for the motional frequencies and classical trajectories of both nanoparticle and ions. We then derive a quantum master equation for the ion-nanoparticle system and quantify the sympathetic cooling of the nanoparticle motion enabled by its Coulomb coupling to a continuously Doppler-cooled ion. We predict that motional cooling down to sub-kelvin temperatures is achievable in state-of-the-art experiments even in the absence of motional feedback and in the presence of micromotion. We then extend our analysis to an ensemble of $N$ ions, predicting a linear increase of the cooling rate as a function of $N$ and motional cooling of the nanoparticle down to tenths of millikelvin in current experimental platforms. Our work establishes the theoretical toolbox needed to explore the ion-assisted preparation of non-Gaussian motional states of levitated nanoparticles. |
| title | Quantum theory of electrically levitated nanoparticle-ion systems: Motional dynamics and sympathetic cooling |
| topic | Quantum Physics Atomic Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21495 |