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Main Authors: Chen, Jiayi, Shi, Jieqi, Huo, Jing, Wu, Chen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21736
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author Chen, Jiayi
Shi, Jieqi
Huo, Jing
Wu, Chen
author_facet Chen, Jiayi
Shi, Jieqi
Huo, Jing
Wu, Chen
contents The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought substantial computational and memory demands, spurring the adoption of low-bit quantization. While 8-bit and 4-bit formats have become prevalent, extending quantization to 2 bits remains challenging due to severe accuracy degradation. To address this, we propose Residual Refinement Quantization (R2Q)-a novel 2-bit quantization framework that decomposes the process into two sequential 1-bit sub-quantizations, forming an adaptive quantization lattice. Extensive evaluations on Llama, OPT, and Qwen across diverse benchmarks-covering question answering, commonsense reasoning, and language modeling-demonstrate that R2Q consistently outperforms existing 2-bit quantization methods in both fine-grained and coarse-grained settings. By refining quantization through a residual learning mechanism, R2Q enhances performance, improves training stability, and accelerates convergence under extreme compression. Furthermore, its modular design enables seamless integration with existing quantization-aware training (QAT) frameworks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_21736
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle R2Q: Towards Robust 2-Bit Large Language Models via Residual Refinement Quantization
Chen, Jiayi
Shi, Jieqi
Huo, Jing
Wu, Chen
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought substantial computational and memory demands, spurring the adoption of low-bit quantization. While 8-bit and 4-bit formats have become prevalent, extending quantization to 2 bits remains challenging due to severe accuracy degradation. To address this, we propose Residual Refinement Quantization (R2Q)-a novel 2-bit quantization framework that decomposes the process into two sequential 1-bit sub-quantizations, forming an adaptive quantization lattice. Extensive evaluations on Llama, OPT, and Qwen across diverse benchmarks-covering question answering, commonsense reasoning, and language modeling-demonstrate that R2Q consistently outperforms existing 2-bit quantization methods in both fine-grained and coarse-grained settings. By refining quantization through a residual learning mechanism, R2Q enhances performance, improves training stability, and accelerates convergence under extreme compression. Furthermore, its modular design enables seamless integration with existing quantization-aware training (QAT) frameworks.
title R2Q: Towards Robust 2-Bit Large Language Models via Residual Refinement Quantization
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21736