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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| Accesso online: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21916 |
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| _version_ | 1866911513959202816 |
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| author | Mejia, Andrea Schweitzer, Peter |
| author_facet | Mejia, Andrea Schweitzer, Peter |
| contents | The energy-momentum tensor (EMT) form factor $D(t)$ is
finite and negative in hadronic models and lattice QCD when only
strong forces are included. However, when electromagnetic forces are
considered, the $D(t)$ of charged hadrons undergoes a dramatic change:
at small $t$, it changes sign and diverges like $1/\sqrt{-t}$ as shown
for the proton in the classical model by Białynicki-Birula based on
residual nuclear forces which can be understood as a mean field approach.
We construct an analogous neutron model and show that this framework
accurately explains the electromagnetic proton-neutron mass difference.
We demonstrate that, after appropriately rescaling the residual nuclear
forces, the model can reproduce lattice data on the nucleon $D(t)$ up to
$(-t)\lesssim 1\,$GeV$^2$ as well as QED effects.
Based on this realistic model description, we show that the proton and
neutron $D(t)$ form factors are practically indistinguishable down to
$(-t) \approx 10^{-4}\rm GeV^2$ far below what can currently be accessed
experimentally. We conclude that in the foreseeable future the $D(t)$
form factors of proton and neutron will practically
look the same in experiments and phenomenology. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_21916 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Energy-momentum tensor form factor D(t) of proton and neutron Mejia, Andrea Schweitzer, Peter High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory The energy-momentum tensor (EMT) form factor $D(t)$ is finite and negative in hadronic models and lattice QCD when only strong forces are included. However, when electromagnetic forces are considered, the $D(t)$ of charged hadrons undergoes a dramatic change: at small $t$, it changes sign and diverges like $1/\sqrt{-t}$ as shown for the proton in the classical model by Białynicki-Birula based on residual nuclear forces which can be understood as a mean field approach. We construct an analogous neutron model and show that this framework accurately explains the electromagnetic proton-neutron mass difference. We demonstrate that, after appropriately rescaling the residual nuclear forces, the model can reproduce lattice data on the nucleon $D(t)$ up to $(-t)\lesssim 1\,$GeV$^2$ as well as QED effects. Based on this realistic model description, we show that the proton and neutron $D(t)$ form factors are practically indistinguishable down to $(-t) \approx 10^{-4}\rm GeV^2$ far below what can currently be accessed experimentally. We conclude that in the foreseeable future the $D(t)$ form factors of proton and neutron will practically look the same in experiments and phenomenology. |
| title | Energy-momentum tensor form factor D(t) of proton and neutron |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21916 |