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Main Authors: Asante, Daniel Agyei, Chowdhury, Md Mokarram, Li, Yang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22099
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author Asante, Daniel Agyei
Chowdhury, Md Mokarram
Li, Yang
author_facet Asante, Daniel Agyei
Chowdhury, Md Mokarram
Li, Yang
contents Large language models (LLMs) have driven major advances across domains, yet their massive size hinders deployment in resource-constrained settings. Low-rank factorization addresses this challenge by compressing models to effectively reduce their computation and memory consumption while maintaining accuracy. While these compressed models boast benign performance and system-level advantages, their trustworthiness implications remain poorly understood. In this paper, we present the first comprehensive study of how low-rank factorization affects LLM trustworthiness across privacy, adversarial robustness, ethics, and fairness, complemented by an explainability-driven analysis of the internal mechanisms behind these trust-related changes. We evaluate multiple LLMs of different sizes and architectures compressed with various low-rank factorization algorithms, revealing key insights: (1) low-rank factorization preserves training data privacy but weakens the protection of personally identifiable information during conversations; (2) adversarial robustness is generally enhanced under compression; (3) ethics degrades in zero-shot prompting but partially recovers in few-shot prompting; (4) fairness declines under compression. Beyond compression, we investigate how model scale and fine-tuning affect trustworthiness. Additionally, to move beyond black-box analysis, we employ a gradient-based attribution to identify which layers of LLMs contribute most to adversarial robustness.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_22099
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Decomposed Trust: Privacy, Adversarial Robustness, Ethics, and Fairness in Low-Rank LLMs
Asante, Daniel Agyei
Chowdhury, Md Mokarram
Li, Yang
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Large language models (LLMs) have driven major advances across domains, yet their massive size hinders deployment in resource-constrained settings. Low-rank factorization addresses this challenge by compressing models to effectively reduce their computation and memory consumption while maintaining accuracy. While these compressed models boast benign performance and system-level advantages, their trustworthiness implications remain poorly understood. In this paper, we present the first comprehensive study of how low-rank factorization affects LLM trustworthiness across privacy, adversarial robustness, ethics, and fairness, complemented by an explainability-driven analysis of the internal mechanisms behind these trust-related changes. We evaluate multiple LLMs of different sizes and architectures compressed with various low-rank factorization algorithms, revealing key insights: (1) low-rank factorization preserves training data privacy but weakens the protection of personally identifiable information during conversations; (2) adversarial robustness is generally enhanced under compression; (3) ethics degrades in zero-shot prompting but partially recovers in few-shot prompting; (4) fairness declines under compression. Beyond compression, we investigate how model scale and fine-tuning affect trustworthiness. Additionally, to move beyond black-box analysis, we employ a gradient-based attribution to identify which layers of LLMs contribute most to adversarial robustness.
title Decomposed Trust: Privacy, Adversarial Robustness, Ethics, and Fairness in Low-Rank LLMs
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22099