Optimizing NetGPT via Routing-Based Synergy and Reinforcement Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Chen, Yuxuan, Li, Rongpeng, Chen, Xianfu, Wu, Celimuge, Peng, Chenghui, Zhao, Zhifeng, Zhang, Honggang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Chen, Yuxuan
Li, Rongpeng
Chen, Xianfu
Wu, Celimuge
Peng, Chenghui
Zhao, Zhifeng
Zhang, Honggang
author_facet Chen, Yuxuan
Li, Rongpeng
Chen, Xianfu
Wu, Celimuge
Peng, Chenghui
Zhao, Zhifeng
Zhang, Honggang
contents Large language model (LLM) agents at the network edge offer low-latency execution for routine queries. In contrast, complex requests often require the superior capability of cloud models, incurring higher latency and cost. To navigate this quality-cost trade-off under dynamic network conditions, we propose a cloud-edge synergy for NetGPT that integrates network-aware routing with on-edge self-improvement. Specifically, our framework routes structured tool-calling requests to cloud or edge agents via a novel scoring policy. We prove that, under mild regularity assumptions, the optimal routing rule admits a unique fallback threshold with monotone dependence on bandwidth and round-trip time (RTT). Concurrently, based on the dataset collected from requests routed to the cloud and corresponding responses, we instantiate a schema-preserving reinforcement learning (RL) to improve the capability of the edge agent. We analyze a supervised finetuning (SFT)-anchored composite objective that combines a reverse-KL trust-region step with a forward-KL realignment toward the SFT prior, explaining stability and constraining policy drift. Both the network-aware routing policy and the edge agent are updated coherently. Experiments across controlled network states and pricing schedules demonstrate smooth quality-cost frontiers, consistent gains of dynamic fallback thresholds over fixed policies, and sustained reductions in offloading while maintaining task success and schema-correct outputs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_22217
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Optimizing NetGPT via Routing-Based Synergy and Reinforcement Learning
Chen, Yuxuan
Li, Rongpeng
Chen, Xianfu
Wu, Celimuge
Peng, Chenghui
Zhao, Zhifeng
Zhang, Honggang
Networking and Internet Architecture
Large language model (LLM) agents at the network edge offer low-latency execution for routine queries. In contrast, complex requests often require the superior capability of cloud models, incurring higher latency and cost. To navigate this quality-cost trade-off under dynamic network conditions, we propose a cloud-edge synergy for NetGPT that integrates network-aware routing with on-edge self-improvement. Specifically, our framework routes structured tool-calling requests to cloud or edge agents via a novel scoring policy. We prove that, under mild regularity assumptions, the optimal routing rule admits a unique fallback threshold with monotone dependence on bandwidth and round-trip time (RTT). Concurrently, based on the dataset collected from requests routed to the cloud and corresponding responses, we instantiate a schema-preserving reinforcement learning (RL) to improve the capability of the edge agent. We analyze a supervised finetuning (SFT)-anchored composite objective that combines a reverse-KL trust-region step with a forward-KL realignment toward the SFT prior, explaining stability and constraining policy drift. Both the network-aware routing policy and the edge agent are updated coherently. Experiments across controlled network states and pricing schedules demonstrate smooth quality-cost frontiers, consistent gains of dynamic fallback thresholds over fixed policies, and sustained reductions in offloading while maintaining task success and schema-correct outputs.
title Optimizing NetGPT via Routing-Based Synergy and Reinforcement Learning
topic Networking and Internet Architecture
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22217