Timing resolution from beam tests on thin LGADs down to 16.6 ps
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | White, Robert Stephen Ferrero, Marco Sola, Valentina Altamura, Anna Rita Arcidiacono, Roberta Boscardin, Maurizio Cartglia, Nicolo Vignali, Matteo Centis Croci, Tommaso Durando, Matteo Galletto, Simone Fondacci, Alessandro Lanteri, Leonardo Menzio, Luca Moscatelli, Francesco Paternoster, Giovanni Siviero, Federico |
| author_facet | White, Robert Stephen Ferrero, Marco Sola, Valentina Altamura, Anna Rita Arcidiacono, Roberta Boscardin, Maurizio Cartglia, Nicolo Vignali, Matteo Centis Croci, Tommaso Durando, Matteo Galletto, Simone Fondacci, Alessandro Lanteri, Leonardo Menzio, Luca Moscatelli, Francesco Paternoster, Giovanni Siviero, Federico |
| contents | The paper reports on the timing resolution achieved with Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), optimised for extreme-fluence conditions, at the DESY Test Beam Facility using 4~GeV/c electrons. The LGADs adopt an $n$-in-$p$ technology with a $p^{+}$-type boron gain implant, co-implanted with carbon to mitigate acceptor deactivation due to irradiation. The substrate thickness of the sensors varies from 20 to 45~\micron, with an active area spanning from 0.75~$\times$~0.75 to 1.28~$\times$~1.28~mm$^{2}$. The experimental setup consisted of a 45~\micron-thick trigger sensor with an active area of 3.6~$\times$~3.6~mm$^{2}$, two device-under-test (DUT) planes, and a Photonis micro-channel plate photomultiplier tube (MCP) as a time reference. Data taking was performed at the ambient temperature of the facility, at 18$^{\circ}$C. The gain was measured between 7 and 40 across all non-irradiated sensors in the study. The timing resolution was calculated from a Gaussian fitting of the difference in times of arrival of a particle at the DUT and the MCP, using the constant fraction discriminator technique. A timing resolution of 26.4~\ps was achieved in 45~\micron-thick sensors, down to 16.6~\ps in 20~\micron-thick sensors, in the non-irradiation study. The combination of two 20~\micron-thick LGADs reached a timing resolution of 12.2~\ps. A set of 30~\micron-thick sensors irradiated with neutrons at fluences between 0.4~$\times$~10$^{15}$ and 2.5~$\times$~10$^{15}$~\mevneut were tested in the beam. These irradiated sensors achieved a gain between 7 and 30 using a similar apparatus but cooled with solidified CO$_{2}$ to -42$^{\circ}$C. A timing resolution of 20~\ps was obtained in these irradiated sensors. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_22308 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Timing resolution from beam tests on thin LGADs down to 16.6 ps White, Robert Stephen Ferrero, Marco Sola, Valentina Altamura, Anna Rita Arcidiacono, Roberta Boscardin, Maurizio Cartglia, Nicolo Vignali, Matteo Centis Croci, Tommaso Durando, Matteo Galletto, Simone Fondacci, Alessandro Lanteri, Leonardo Menzio, Luca Moscatelli, Francesco Paternoster, Giovanni Siviero, Federico Instrumentation and Detectors The paper reports on the timing resolution achieved with Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), optimised for extreme-fluence conditions, at the DESY Test Beam Facility using 4~GeV/c electrons. The LGADs adopt an $n$-in-$p$ technology with a $p^{+}$-type boron gain implant, co-implanted with carbon to mitigate acceptor deactivation due to irradiation. The substrate thickness of the sensors varies from 20 to 45~\micron, with an active area spanning from 0.75~$\times$~0.75 to 1.28~$\times$~1.28~mm$^{2}$. The experimental setup consisted of a 45~\micron-thick trigger sensor with an active area of 3.6~$\times$~3.6~mm$^{2}$, two device-under-test (DUT) planes, and a Photonis micro-channel plate photomultiplier tube (MCP) as a time reference. Data taking was performed at the ambient temperature of the facility, at 18$^{\circ}$C. The gain was measured between 7 and 40 across all non-irradiated sensors in the study. The timing resolution was calculated from a Gaussian fitting of the difference in times of arrival of a particle at the DUT and the MCP, using the constant fraction discriminator technique. A timing resolution of 26.4~\ps was achieved in 45~\micron-thick sensors, down to 16.6~\ps in 20~\micron-thick sensors, in the non-irradiation study. The combination of two 20~\micron-thick LGADs reached a timing resolution of 12.2~\ps. A set of 30~\micron-thick sensors irradiated with neutrons at fluences between 0.4~$\times$~10$^{15}$ and 2.5~$\times$~10$^{15}$~\mevneut were tested in the beam. These irradiated sensors achieved a gain between 7 and 30 using a similar apparatus but cooled with solidified CO$_{2}$ to -42$^{\circ}$C. A timing resolution of 20~\ps was obtained in these irradiated sensors. |
| title | Timing resolution from beam tests on thin LGADs down to 16.6 ps |
| topic | Instrumentation and Detectors |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22308 |