Mapping Clinical Doubt: Locating Linguistic Uncertainty in LLMs

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Main Authors: Sridhar, Srivarshinee, Ravi, Raghav Kaushik, Ghosh, Kripabandhu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Sridhar, Srivarshinee
Ravi, Raghav Kaushik
Ghosh, Kripabandhu
author_facet Sridhar, Srivarshinee
Ravi, Raghav Kaushik
Ghosh, Kripabandhu
contents Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in clinical settings, where sensitivity to linguistic uncertainty can influence diagnostic interpretation and decision-making. Yet little is known about where such epistemic cues are internally represented within these models. Distinct from uncertainty quantification, which measures output confidence, this work examines input-side representational sensitivity to linguistic uncertainty in medical text. We curate a contrastive dataset of clinical statements varying in epistemic modality (e.g., 'is consistent with' vs. 'may be consistent with') and propose Model Sensitivity to Uncertainty (MSU), a layerwise probing metric that quantifies activation-level shifts induced by uncertainty cues. Our results show that LLMs exhibit structured, depth-dependent sensitivity to clinical uncertainty, suggesting that epistemic information is progressively encoded in deeper layers. These findings reveal how linguistic uncertainty is internally represented in LLMs, offering insight into their interpretability and epistemic reliability.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_22402
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Mapping Clinical Doubt: Locating Linguistic Uncertainty in LLMs
Sridhar, Srivarshinee
Ravi, Raghav Kaushik
Ghosh, Kripabandhu
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in clinical settings, where sensitivity to linguistic uncertainty can influence diagnostic interpretation and decision-making. Yet little is known about where such epistemic cues are internally represented within these models. Distinct from uncertainty quantification, which measures output confidence, this work examines input-side representational sensitivity to linguistic uncertainty in medical text. We curate a contrastive dataset of clinical statements varying in epistemic modality (e.g., 'is consistent with' vs. 'may be consistent with') and propose Model Sensitivity to Uncertainty (MSU), a layerwise probing metric that quantifies activation-level shifts induced by uncertainty cues. Our results show that LLMs exhibit structured, depth-dependent sensitivity to clinical uncertainty, suggesting that epistemic information is progressively encoded in deeper layers. These findings reveal how linguistic uncertainty is internally represented in LLMs, offering insight into their interpretability and epistemic reliability.
title Mapping Clinical Doubt: Locating Linguistic Uncertainty in LLMs
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22402