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Main Authors: Yang, Yan, Gao, Bin, Yuan, Ya-xiang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22613
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author Yang, Yan
Gao, Bin
Yuan, Ya-xiang
author_facet Yang, Yan
Gao, Bin
Yuan, Ya-xiang
contents Determinantal varieties -- the sets of bounded-rank matrices or tensors -- have attracted growing interest in low-rank optimization. The tangent cone to low-rank sets is widely studied and underpins a range of geometric methods. The second-order geometry, which encodes curvature information, is more intricate. In this work, we develop a unified framework to derive explicit formulas for both first- and second-order tangent sets to various low-rank sets, including low-rank matrices, tensors, symmetric matrices, and positive semidefinite matrices. The framework also accommodates the intersection of a low-rank set and another set satisfying mild assumptions, thereby yielding a tangent intersection rule. Through the lens of tangent sets, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition under which a nonsmooth problem and its smooth parameterization share equivalent second-order stationary points. Moreover, we exploit tangent sets to characterize optimality conditions for low-rank optimization and prove that verifying second-order optimality is NP-hard. In a separate line of analysis, we investigate variational geometry of the graph of the normal cone to matrix varieties, deriving the explicit Bouligand tangent cone, Fréchet and Mordukhovich normal cones to the graph. These results are further applied to develop optimality conditions for low-rank bilevel programs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_22613
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Variational analysis of determinantal varieties
Yang, Yan
Gao, Bin
Yuan, Ya-xiang
Optimization and Control
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
49J53, 65K05, 65K10, 90C30, 90C46
Determinantal varieties -- the sets of bounded-rank matrices or tensors -- have attracted growing interest in low-rank optimization. The tangent cone to low-rank sets is widely studied and underpins a range of geometric methods. The second-order geometry, which encodes curvature information, is more intricate. In this work, we develop a unified framework to derive explicit formulas for both first- and second-order tangent sets to various low-rank sets, including low-rank matrices, tensors, symmetric matrices, and positive semidefinite matrices. The framework also accommodates the intersection of a low-rank set and another set satisfying mild assumptions, thereby yielding a tangent intersection rule. Through the lens of tangent sets, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition under which a nonsmooth problem and its smooth parameterization share equivalent second-order stationary points. Moreover, we exploit tangent sets to characterize optimality conditions for low-rank optimization and prove that verifying second-order optimality is NP-hard. In a separate line of analysis, we investigate variational geometry of the graph of the normal cone to matrix varieties, deriving the explicit Bouligand tangent cone, Fréchet and Mordukhovich normal cones to the graph. These results are further applied to develop optimality conditions for low-rank bilevel programs.
title Variational analysis of determinantal varieties
topic Optimization and Control
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
49J53, 65K05, 65K10, 90C30, 90C46
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22613