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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Online-Zugang: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.23004 |
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| author | Škorjanc, Viktor Severin, Stefanie Veber, Alexander Prieto, Mauricio J. Tănase, Liviu C. Miaskiewicz, Aleksandra Weitz, Sebastian Hsueh, Jing-Wen Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad Caldas, Lucas de Souza Manyarasu, Suresh Holzhey, Philippe Wutke, Erik Demchyshyn, Stepan Leyden, Matthew R. Harter, Angelika Duarte, Roberto Felix Kurpiers, Jona Wagner, Philipp Stannovski, Bernd Puskar, Ljiljana Mainz, Roland Abou-Ras, Daniel Schmidt, Thomas Korte, Lars Roß, Marcel Albrecht, Steve |
| author_facet | Škorjanc, Viktor Severin, Stefanie Veber, Alexander Prieto, Mauricio J. Tănase, Liviu C. Miaskiewicz, Aleksandra Weitz, Sebastian Hsueh, Jing-Wen Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad Caldas, Lucas de Souza Manyarasu, Suresh Holzhey, Philippe Wutke, Erik Demchyshyn, Stepan Leyden, Matthew R. Harter, Angelika Duarte, Roberto Felix Kurpiers, Jona Wagner, Philipp Stannovski, Bernd Puskar, Ljiljana Mainz, Roland Abou-Ras, Daniel Schmidt, Thomas Korte, Lars Roß, Marcel Albrecht, Steve |
| contents | Monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells experienced a significant increase in efficiency, making them viable for industrial applications. Among the various scalable and industry-compatible metal halide perovskite deposition techniques, co-evaporation stands out as particularly well-suited for perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells due to its ability to conformally cover textured silicon bottom cells. Solution-processed [2-(3,6-Dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) is commonly used as a hole-transporting material for co-evaporated metal halide perovskites. However, we show that it covers the textured surface of silicon bottom cells unevenly, impacting the film growth and leading to the formation of residual PbI2 at the buried interface. The present study reveals via X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) and infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (IR s-SNOM) that a CsCl seed layer fosters organic precursor incorporation across the MeO-2PACz/perovskite interface, even in the areas with a thin MeO-2PACz layer, thereby preventing the formation of interfacial PbI2 and leading to larger apparent grains. The improvement of the metal halide perovskite film quality on the MeO-2PACz/perovskite interface and the bulk perovskite film led to 30.3% (29.7% certified) efficient perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell. The present work highlights the importance of a seed layer for a robust growth of co-evaporated metal halide perovskite and represents an important milestone for the transfer of perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells from laboratory to industry. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_23004 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | CsCl seed layer homogenizes co-evaporated perovskite growth for high-efficiency fully textured perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells Škorjanc, Viktor Severin, Stefanie Veber, Alexander Prieto, Mauricio J. Tănase, Liviu C. Miaskiewicz, Aleksandra Weitz, Sebastian Hsueh, Jing-Wen Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad Caldas, Lucas de Souza Manyarasu, Suresh Holzhey, Philippe Wutke, Erik Demchyshyn, Stepan Leyden, Matthew R. Harter, Angelika Duarte, Roberto Felix Kurpiers, Jona Wagner, Philipp Stannovski, Bernd Puskar, Ljiljana Mainz, Roland Abou-Ras, Daniel Schmidt, Thomas Korte, Lars Roß, Marcel Albrecht, Steve Materials Science Monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells experienced a significant increase in efficiency, making them viable for industrial applications. Among the various scalable and industry-compatible metal halide perovskite deposition techniques, co-evaporation stands out as particularly well-suited for perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells due to its ability to conformally cover textured silicon bottom cells. Solution-processed [2-(3,6-Dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) is commonly used as a hole-transporting material for co-evaporated metal halide perovskites. However, we show that it covers the textured surface of silicon bottom cells unevenly, impacting the film growth and leading to the formation of residual PbI2 at the buried interface. The present study reveals via X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) and infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (IR s-SNOM) that a CsCl seed layer fosters organic precursor incorporation across the MeO-2PACz/perovskite interface, even in the areas with a thin MeO-2PACz layer, thereby preventing the formation of interfacial PbI2 and leading to larger apparent grains. The improvement of the metal halide perovskite film quality on the MeO-2PACz/perovskite interface and the bulk perovskite film led to 30.3% (29.7% certified) efficient perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell. The present work highlights the importance of a seed layer for a robust growth of co-evaporated metal halide perovskite and represents an important milestone for the transfer of perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells from laboratory to industry. |
| title | CsCl seed layer homogenizes co-evaporated perovskite growth for high-efficiency fully textured perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells |
| topic | Materials Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.23004 |