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Autori principali: Has, Mislav, Xiong, Tao, Abdesslem, Fehmi Ben, Kušek, Mario
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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Accesso online:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.00035
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author Has, Mislav
Xiong, Tao
Abdesslem, Fehmi Ben
Kušek, Mario
author_facet Has, Mislav
Xiong, Tao
Abdesslem, Fehmi Ben
Kušek, Mario
contents The increasing heterogeneity of hardware and software in the Internet of Things (IoT) poses a major challenge for the portability, maintainability and deployment of software on devices with limited resources. WebAssembly (WASM), originally designed for the web, is increasingly recognized as a portable, secure and efficient runtime environment that can overcome these challenges. This paper explores the feasibility of using WASM in embedded IoT systems by evaluating its performance, memory footprint and energy consumption on three representative microcontrollers: the Raspberry Pi Pico, the ESP32 C6 and the nRF5340. Two lightweight WASM runtimes, WAMR and wasm3, are compared with the native C execution. The results show that while the native execution remains superior in terms of speed and energy efficiency, WASM offers acceptable trade-offs in return for cross-platform compatibility and sandbox execution. The results highlight that WASM is a viable option for embedded IoT applications when portability and security outweigh strict performance constraints, and that further runtime optimization could extend its practicality in this area.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_00035
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle WebAssembly on Resource-Constrained IoT Devices: Performance, Efficiency, and Portability
Has, Mislav
Xiong, Tao
Abdesslem, Fehmi Ben
Kušek, Mario
Hardware Architecture
Operating Systems
The increasing heterogeneity of hardware and software in the Internet of Things (IoT) poses a major challenge for the portability, maintainability and deployment of software on devices with limited resources. WebAssembly (WASM), originally designed for the web, is increasingly recognized as a portable, secure and efficient runtime environment that can overcome these challenges. This paper explores the feasibility of using WASM in embedded IoT systems by evaluating its performance, memory footprint and energy consumption on three representative microcontrollers: the Raspberry Pi Pico, the ESP32 C6 and the nRF5340. Two lightweight WASM runtimes, WAMR and wasm3, are compared with the native C execution. The results show that while the native execution remains superior in terms of speed and energy efficiency, WASM offers acceptable trade-offs in return for cross-platform compatibility and sandbox execution. The results highlight that WASM is a viable option for embedded IoT applications when portability and security outweigh strict performance constraints, and that further runtime optimization could extend its practicality in this area.
title WebAssembly on Resource-Constrained IoT Devices: Performance, Efficiency, and Portability
topic Hardware Architecture
Operating Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.00035