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Autori principali:	Bhalla, Badal, Ireland, Aurora, Liu, Hongwan, Xiao, Huangyu, Xu, Tao
Natura:	Preprint
Pubblicazione:	2025
Soggetti:	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Accesso online:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.00169
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author	Bhalla, Badal Ireland, Aurora Liu, Hongwan Xiao, Huangyu Xu, Tao
author_facet	Bhalla, Badal Ireland, Aurora Liu, Hongwan Xiao, Huangyu Xu, Tao
contents	The temperature of baryons at the end of the cosmic dark ages can be inferred from observations of the 21-cm hyperfine transition in neutral hydrogen. Any energy injection from the dark sector can therefore be detected through these measurements. Dark compact objects and dark-matter substructures can modify the baryon temperature by transferring heat via dynamical friction. In this work, we evaluate the prospects for detecting dynamical friction-induced heating from dark compact objects with a mass in the range $10^2 M_{\odot}$ to $10^5 M_{\odot}$, as well as from axion minihalos, using upcoming 21-cm experiments. We find that both the 21-cm global signal and power-spectrum measurements will be sensitive to dark compact objects that constitute about 10% of the dark matter, and will substantially improve our sensitivity to axion-like particles with masses in the range $10^{-18}$ eV to $10^{-9}$ eV.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_00169
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Dynamical Heating from Dark Compact Objects and Axion Minihalos: Implications for the 21-cm Signal Bhalla, Badal Ireland, Aurora Liu, Hongwan Xiao, Huangyu Xu, Tao Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Phenomenology The temperature of baryons at the end of the cosmic dark ages can be inferred from observations of the 21-cm hyperfine transition in neutral hydrogen. Any energy injection from the dark sector can therefore be detected through these measurements. Dark compact objects and dark-matter substructures can modify the baryon temperature by transferring heat via dynamical friction. In this work, we evaluate the prospects for detecting dynamical friction-induced heating from dark compact objects with a mass in the range $10^2 M_{\odot}$ to $10^5 M_{\odot}$, as well as from axion minihalos, using upcoming 21-cm experiments. We find that both the 21-cm global signal and power-spectrum measurements will be sensitive to dark compact objects that constitute about 10% of the dark matter, and will substantially improve our sensitivity to axion-like particles with masses in the range $10^{-18}$ eV to $10^{-9}$ eV.
title	Dynamical Heating from Dark Compact Objects and Axion Minihalos: Implications for the 21-cm Signal
topic	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.00169

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