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Main Authors: Heywood, Damian, Carrier, Joseph Andrew, Hwang, Kyu-Hong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.00392
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author Heywood, Damian
Carrier, Joseph Andrew
Hwang, Kyu-Hong
author_facet Heywood, Damian
Carrier, Joseph Andrew
Hwang, Kyu-Hong
contents This study describes the development of an AI-assisted error analysis system designed to identify, categorize, and correct writing errors in English. Utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) like Claude 3.5 Sonnet and DeepSeek R1, the system employs a detailed taxonomy grounded in linguistic theories from Corder (1967), Richards (1971), and James (1998). Errors are classified at both word and sentence levels, covering spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Implemented through Python-coded API calls, the system provides granular feedback beyond traditional rubric-based assessments. Initial testing on isolated errors refined the taxonomy, addressing challenges like overlapping categories. Final testing used "English as she is spoke" by Jose da Fonseca (1855), a text rich with authentic linguistic errors, to evaluate the system's capacity for handling complex, multi-layered analysis. The AI successfully identified diverse error types but showed limitations in contextual understanding and occasionally generated new error categories when encountering uncoded errors. This research demonstrates AI's potential to transform EFL instruction by automating detailed error analysis and feedback. While promising, further development is needed to improve contextual accuracy and expand the taxonomy to stylistic and discourse-level errors.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_00392
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Taxonomy of Errors in English as she is spoke: Toward an AI-Based Method of Error Analysis for EFL Writing Instruction
Heywood, Damian
Carrier, Joseph Andrew
Hwang, Kyu-Hong
Computation and Language
I.2; J.5; K.3
This study describes the development of an AI-assisted error analysis system designed to identify, categorize, and correct writing errors in English. Utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) like Claude 3.5 Sonnet and DeepSeek R1, the system employs a detailed taxonomy grounded in linguistic theories from Corder (1967), Richards (1971), and James (1998). Errors are classified at both word and sentence levels, covering spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Implemented through Python-coded API calls, the system provides granular feedback beyond traditional rubric-based assessments. Initial testing on isolated errors refined the taxonomy, addressing challenges like overlapping categories. Final testing used "English as she is spoke" by Jose da Fonseca (1855), a text rich with authentic linguistic errors, to evaluate the system's capacity for handling complex, multi-layered analysis. The AI successfully identified diverse error types but showed limitations in contextual understanding and occasionally generated new error categories when encountering uncoded errors. This research demonstrates AI's potential to transform EFL instruction by automating detailed error analysis and feedback. While promising, further development is needed to improve contextual accuracy and expand the taxonomy to stylistic and discourse-level errors.
title A Taxonomy of Errors in English as she is spoke: Toward an AI-Based Method of Error Analysis for EFL Writing Instruction
topic Computation and Language
I.2; J.5; K.3
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.00392