Probing a minimal dark gauge sector via microlensing of compact dark objects
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Barranco, Juan Bernal, Argelia Jaramillo, Víctor Núñez, Darío Ruiz, Milton |
| author_facet | Barranco, Juan Bernal, Argelia Jaramillo, Víctor Núñez, Darío Ruiz, Milton |
| contents | We introduce a minimal Dark Standard Model (DSM) consisting of a single spin-0 particle with dark $U(1)$ gauge symmetry, and completely decoupled from the visible sector. Characterized only by the scalar mass $μ$ and the dark charge $q$, this framework naturally gives rise to a rich phenomenology, including stable solitonic configurations that behave as dark "mini-MACHOs". We numerically build and evolve these gauged scalar-field solitons, derive their mass-radius relations, and identify a critical charge beyond which no gravitationally bound configurations exist. By combining these results with microlensing surveys that exclude compact objects heavier than the asteroid-mass scale ($M\lesssim 10^{-11}M_\odot$), we obtain the constraint $μ\gtrsim 10\,\rm eV$ for viable configurations, depending on $q$. Our results represent a step forward in showing that purely gravitational observations can constrain the internal parameters of a dark gauge sector, and provide a framework for exploring broader DSM scenarios through future probes such as gravitational wave detections. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_00701 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Probing a minimal dark gauge sector via microlensing of compact dark objects Barranco, Juan Bernal, Argelia Jaramillo, Víctor Núñez, Darío Ruiz, Milton High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology We introduce a minimal Dark Standard Model (DSM) consisting of a single spin-0 particle with dark $U(1)$ gauge symmetry, and completely decoupled from the visible sector. Characterized only by the scalar mass $μ$ and the dark charge $q$, this framework naturally gives rise to a rich phenomenology, including stable solitonic configurations that behave as dark "mini-MACHOs". We numerically build and evolve these gauged scalar-field solitons, derive their mass-radius relations, and identify a critical charge beyond which no gravitationally bound configurations exist. By combining these results with microlensing surveys that exclude compact objects heavier than the asteroid-mass scale ($M\lesssim 10^{-11}M_\odot$), we obtain the constraint $μ\gtrsim 10\,\rm eV$ for viable configurations, depending on $q$. Our results represent a step forward in showing that purely gravitational observations can constrain the internal parameters of a dark gauge sector, and provide a framework for exploring broader DSM scenarios through future probes such as gravitational wave detections. |
| title | Probing a minimal dark gauge sector via microlensing of compact dark objects |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.00701 |