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Main Authors: Zhang, Yutong, Liu, Xiao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.01279
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author Zhang, Yutong
Liu, Xiao
author_facet Zhang, Yutong
Liu, Xiao
contents An important class of spatio-temporal models is constructed by leveraging the hierarchical structure of dynamical (or, state-space) models. This paper proposes a new statistical dynamical model for spatio-temporal processes motivated by second-order stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE). In particular, an infinite-dimensional linear state-space representation is obtained where the state transition is governed by a proposed SDE. Then, using the Galerkin's method, a finite-dimensional approximation to the infinite-dimensional SDE is obtained, yielding a dynamical model with finite states that facilitates computation and parameter estimation. The space-time covariance of the approximated dynamical model is obtained, and the error between the approximate and exact covariance matrices is quantified. Comprehensive numerical investigations, including 2D wave equation, seismic wave propagation, advection-diffusion equations and wildfire aerosol propagation processes, are performed to demonstrate the application of the proposed model. Code is available.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_01279
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Dynamical Model for Spatio-Temporal Processes Motivated by Second-Order Partial Differential Equations
Zhang, Yutong
Liu, Xiao
Methodology
An important class of spatio-temporal models is constructed by leveraging the hierarchical structure of dynamical (or, state-space) models. This paper proposes a new statistical dynamical model for spatio-temporal processes motivated by second-order stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE). In particular, an infinite-dimensional linear state-space representation is obtained where the state transition is governed by a proposed SDE. Then, using the Galerkin's method, a finite-dimensional approximation to the infinite-dimensional SDE is obtained, yielding a dynamical model with finite states that facilitates computation and parameter estimation. The space-time covariance of the approximated dynamical model is obtained, and the error between the approximate and exact covariance matrices is quantified. Comprehensive numerical investigations, including 2D wave equation, seismic wave propagation, advection-diffusion equations and wildfire aerosol propagation processes, are performed to demonstrate the application of the proposed model. Code is available.
title A Dynamical Model for Spatio-Temporal Processes Motivated by Second-Order Partial Differential Equations
topic Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.01279