Spectral-Energy Efficiency Tradeoff of Nearly-Passive RIS in MIMO URLLC Downlink: Diagonal vs. Beyond Diagonal
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866918225806098432 |
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| author | Soleymani, Mohammad Zappone, Alessio Jorswieck, Eduard Di Renzo, Marco Santamaria, Ignacio |
| author_facet | Soleymani, Mohammad Zappone, Alessio Jorswieck, Eduard Di Renzo, Marco Santamaria, Ignacio |
| contents | This paper investigates the spectral and energy efficiency (EE) tradeoff of nearly-passive (NP), both locally and globally NP (GNP), reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), considering diagonal and beyond-diagonal (BD) implementations in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) broadcast channels designed for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). We demonstrate that while all RIS architectures enhance the spectral efficiency, GNP BD-RIS achieves the highest gains. However, its EE is highly sensitive to the static circuit power consumption since BD-RIS has many more circuit elements than diagonal architectures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the benefits of BD-RIS over diagonal RIS diminish as the number of data streams per user increases due to enhanced channel diversity in MIMO systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_01542 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Spectral-Energy Efficiency Tradeoff of Nearly-Passive RIS in MIMO URLLC Downlink: Diagonal vs. Beyond Diagonal Soleymani, Mohammad Zappone, Alessio Jorswieck, Eduard Di Renzo, Marco Santamaria, Ignacio Signal Processing This paper investigates the spectral and energy efficiency (EE) tradeoff of nearly-passive (NP), both locally and globally NP (GNP), reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), considering diagonal and beyond-diagonal (BD) implementations in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) broadcast channels designed for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). We demonstrate that while all RIS architectures enhance the spectral efficiency, GNP BD-RIS achieves the highest gains. However, its EE is highly sensitive to the static circuit power consumption since BD-RIS has many more circuit elements than diagonal architectures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the benefits of BD-RIS over diagonal RIS diminish as the number of data streams per user increases due to enhanced channel diversity in MIMO systems. |
| title | Spectral-Energy Efficiency Tradeoff of Nearly-Passive RIS in MIMO URLLC Downlink: Diagonal vs. Beyond Diagonal |
| topic | Signal Processing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.01542 |