The chemical diversity of giant-planet nurseries as revealed by ALMA

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Booth, Alice S., Calahan, Jenny, Temmink, Milou, Wölfer, Lisa, Pegues, Jamila, Law, Charles J., Evans, Lucy, Leemker, Margot, Notsu, Shota, Öberg, Karin, Walsh, Catherine, van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Booth, Alice S.
Calahan, Jenny
Temmink, Milou
Wölfer, Lisa
Pegues, Jamila
Law, Charles J.
Evans, Lucy
Leemker, Margot
Notsu, Shota
Öberg, Karin
Walsh, Catherine
van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
author_facet Booth, Alice S.
Calahan, Jenny
Temmink, Milou
Wölfer, Lisa
Pegues, Jamila
Law, Charles J.
Evans, Lucy
Leemker, Margot
Notsu, Shota
Öberg, Karin
Walsh, Catherine
van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
contents With the giant exoplanet occurrence rate peaking around stars of 1.5-2 solar masses, there is strong motivation to characterize the disks that set their formation conditions. Observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) allow us to investigate both the availability of different molecules in disks and infer the radial distribution of elemental abundances, enabling us to make connections to exoplanet systems. Here we present a survey of six transition disks around young F-, A-, and B-type stars using ALMA. We find 13C18O, CS, SO, and H2CO in all six systems, as well as ten additional molecules in a subset of disks, including detections of H2S, 33SO, and CH3OCH3. Using these data, and literature data where available, we construct the first comprehensive picture of Herbig disk chemistry. We find clear correlations between molecular tracers of C/O>1 environments (e.g., CS, C2H) and disk mass, as traced by C18O line flux. In contrast, tracers of C/O<1 environments (e.g., SO, CH3OH) do not show significant correlations with disk mass. Interestingly, these molecules are relatively brighter in lower-mass disks, with their presence primarily linked to disks with central cavities and spirals. Finally, we show that the observed chemical diversity seen across Herbig disks leads to varying C/O regimes at the orbital radii of candidate proto-planets identified within these disks. When comparing these inferred disk C/O ratios with those measured for directly imaged exoplanets, we find a notable overlap and show that low C/O gas is common on 10's of au scales in Herbig disks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_01731
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The chemical diversity of giant-planet nurseries as revealed by ALMA
Booth, Alice S.
Calahan, Jenny
Temmink, Milou
Wölfer, Lisa
Pegues, Jamila
Law, Charles J.
Evans, Lucy
Leemker, Margot
Notsu, Shota
Öberg, Karin
Walsh, Catherine
van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
With the giant exoplanet occurrence rate peaking around stars of 1.5-2 solar masses, there is strong motivation to characterize the disks that set their formation conditions. Observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) allow us to investigate both the availability of different molecules in disks and infer the radial distribution of elemental abundances, enabling us to make connections to exoplanet systems. Here we present a survey of six transition disks around young F-, A-, and B-type stars using ALMA. We find 13C18O, CS, SO, and H2CO in all six systems, as well as ten additional molecules in a subset of disks, including detections of H2S, 33SO, and CH3OCH3. Using these data, and literature data where available, we construct the first comprehensive picture of Herbig disk chemistry. We find clear correlations between molecular tracers of C/O>1 environments (e.g., CS, C2H) and disk mass, as traced by C18O line flux. In contrast, tracers of C/O<1 environments (e.g., SO, CH3OH) do not show significant correlations with disk mass. Interestingly, these molecules are relatively brighter in lower-mass disks, with their presence primarily linked to disks with central cavities and spirals. Finally, we show that the observed chemical diversity seen across Herbig disks leads to varying C/O regimes at the orbital radii of candidate proto-planets identified within these disks. When comparing these inferred disk C/O ratios with those measured for directly imaged exoplanets, we find a notable overlap and show that low C/O gas is common on 10's of au scales in Herbig disks.
title The chemical diversity of giant-planet nurseries as revealed by ALMA
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.01731