Bounds for the largest eigenvalue and sum of Laplacian eigenvalues of signed graphs

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Xie, Linfeng, Liu, Xiaogang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Xie, Linfeng
Liu, Xiaogang
author_facet Xie, Linfeng
Liu, Xiaogang
contents In this paper, we consider the bounds for the largest eigenvalue and the sum of the $k$ largest Laplacian eigenvalues of signed graphs. Firstly, we give an upper bound on the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a signed graph and characterize the extremal graphs that attain this bound. Secondly, we prove that a non-bipartite signed graph $Γ$ of order $n$ and size $m$ contains a balanced triangle if $λ_{1}(Γ)\ge \sqrt{m-1}$, $λ_{1}(Γ) \ge |λ_{n}(Γ)|$ and $Γ\not \sim (C_{5}\cup (n-5)K_{1},+)$, where $λ_{1}(Γ)$ is the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of $Γ$. Thirdly, we confirm a conjecture proposed in [Linear Multilinear Algebra 51 (1) (2003) 21--30] that: if $Γ$ is a connected signed graph, then $$ \sum_{i=1}^{k}μ_{i}(Γ) >\sum_{i=1}^{k}d_{i}(Γ)~~(1\le k\le n-1), $$ where $μ_{1}(Γ)\geμ_{2}(Γ)\ge\cdots \ge μ_{n}(Γ)$ are Laplacian eigenvalues of $Γ$, and $d_{1}(Γ)\ge d_{2}(Γ)\ge \dots \ge d_{n}(Γ)$ are vertex degrees of $Γ$. Finally, we give a lower bound for the sum of the $k$ largest Laplacian eigenvalues of a connected signed graph.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_01736
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bounds for the largest eigenvalue and sum of Laplacian eigenvalues of signed graphs
Xie, Linfeng
Liu, Xiaogang
Combinatorics
In this paper, we consider the bounds for the largest eigenvalue and the sum of the $k$ largest Laplacian eigenvalues of signed graphs. Firstly, we give an upper bound on the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a signed graph and characterize the extremal graphs that attain this bound. Secondly, we prove that a non-bipartite signed graph $Γ$ of order $n$ and size $m$ contains a balanced triangle if $λ_{1}(Γ)\ge \sqrt{m-1}$, $λ_{1}(Γ) \ge |λ_{n}(Γ)|$ and $Γ\not \sim (C_{5}\cup (n-5)K_{1},+)$, where $λ_{1}(Γ)$ is the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of $Γ$. Thirdly, we confirm a conjecture proposed in [Linear Multilinear Algebra 51 (1) (2003) 21--30] that: if $Γ$ is a connected signed graph, then $$ \sum_{i=1}^{k}μ_{i}(Γ) >\sum_{i=1}^{k}d_{i}(Γ)~~(1\le k\le n-1), $$ where $μ_{1}(Γ)\geμ_{2}(Γ)\ge\cdots \ge μ_{n}(Γ)$ are Laplacian eigenvalues of $Γ$, and $d_{1}(Γ)\ge d_{2}(Γ)\ge \dots \ge d_{n}(Γ)$ are vertex degrees of $Γ$. Finally, we give a lower bound for the sum of the $k$ largest Laplacian eigenvalues of a connected signed graph.
title Bounds for the largest eigenvalue and sum of Laplacian eigenvalues of signed graphs
topic Combinatorics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.01736