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Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOTEM) Survey.VII. TOI-6041: a multi-planet system including a warm Neptune exhibiting strong TTVs

Fuente: arXiv

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Autori principali:	Heidari, N., Alnajjarine, A., Osborn, H. P., Dragomir, D., Dalba, P., Benz, W., Hébrard, G., Laskar, J., Billot, N., Günther, M. N., Wilson, T. G., Alibert, Y., Bonfanti, A., Bieryla, A., Broeg, C., Correia, A. C. M., Egger, J. A., Essack, Z., Furlan, E., Gandolfi, D., Grieves, N., Howell, S., LaCourse, D., Pezzotti, C., Pritchard, T., Sousa, S. G., Ulmer-Moll, S., Villanueva, S., Alonso, R., Asquier, J., Bárczy, T., Barrado, D., Barros, S. C., Baumjohann, W., Borsato, L., Brandeker, A., Buder, M., Cameron, A. Collier, Csizmadia, S., Cubillos, P. E., Davies, M. B., Deleuil, M., Delfosse, X., Deline, A., Demangeon, O. D. S., Demory, B., Derekas, A., Edwards, B., Ehrenreich, D., Erikson, A., Fortier, A., Fossati, L., Fridlund, M., Gazeas, K., Gillon, M., Güdel, M., Hasiba, J., Heitzmann, A., Helling, C., Jenkins, J. M., Keller, T., Stassun, K. G., Kiss, L., Korth, J., Lam, K. W. F., Latham, D. W., Etangs, A. Lecavelier des, Leleu, A., Lendl, M., Maxted, P. F. L., McDermott, S., Merín, B., Mordasini, C., Nascimbeni, V., Nowak, G., Olofsson, G., Pagano, I., Pallé, E., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Queloz, D., Ragazzoni, R., Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Ricker, G., Santos, N. C., Scandariato, G., Seager, S., Ségransan, D., Simon, A. E., Smith, A. M. S., Stalport, M., Striegel, S., Sulis, S., Szabó, G. M., Udry, S., Van Grootel, V., Vanderspek, R., Venturini, J., Villaver, E., Viotto, V., Walton, N. A., Winn, J. N., Wolf, S.
Natura:	Preprint
Pubblicazione:	2025
Soggetti:	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Accesso online:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Heidari, N. Alnajjarine, A. Osborn, H. P. Dragomir, D. Dalba, P. Benz, W. Hébrard, G. Laskar, J. Billot, N. Günther, M. N. Wilson, T. G. Alibert, Y. Bonfanti, A. Bieryla, A. Broeg, C. Correia, A. C. M. Egger, J. A. Essack, Z. Furlan, E. Gandolfi, D. Grieves, N. Howell, S. LaCourse, D. Pezzotti, C. Pritchard, T. Sousa, S. G. Ulmer-Moll, S. Villanueva, S. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Barrado, D. Barros, S. C. Baumjohann, W. Borsato, L. Brandeker, A. Buder, M. Cameron, A. Collier Csizmadia, S. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Delfosse, X. Deline, A. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. Derekas, A. Edwards, B. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Fossati, L. Fridlund, M. Gazeas, K. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. Hasiba, J. Heitzmann, A. Helling, C. Jenkins, J. M. Keller, T. Stassun, K. G. Kiss, L. Korth, J. Lam, K. W. F. Latham, D. W. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Leleu, A. Lendl, M. Maxted, P. F. L. McDermott, S. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Nowak, G. Olofsson, G. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Ricker, G. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Seager, S. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Smith, A. M. S. Stalport, M. Striegel, S. Sulis, S. Szabó, G. M. Udry, S. Van Grootel, V. Vanderspek, R. Venturini, J. Villaver, E. Viotto, V. Walton, N. A. Winn, J. N. Wolf, S.
author_facet	Heidari, N. Alnajjarine, A. Osborn, H. P. Dragomir, D. Dalba, P. Benz, W. Hébrard, G. Laskar, J. Billot, N. Günther, M. N. Wilson, T. G. Alibert, Y. Bonfanti, A. Bieryla, A. Broeg, C. Correia, A. C. M. Egger, J. A. Essack, Z. Furlan, E. Gandolfi, D. Grieves, N. Howell, S. LaCourse, D. Pezzotti, C. Pritchard, T. Sousa, S. G. Ulmer-Moll, S. Villanueva, S. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Barrado, D. Barros, S. C. Baumjohann, W. Borsato, L. Brandeker, A. Buder, M. Cameron, A. Collier Csizmadia, S. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Delfosse, X. Deline, A. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. Derekas, A. Edwards, B. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Fossati, L. Fridlund, M. Gazeas, K. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. Hasiba, J. Heitzmann, A. Helling, C. Jenkins, J. M. Keller, T. Stassun, K. G. Kiss, L. Korth, J. Lam, K. W. F. Latham, D. W. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Leleu, A. Lendl, M. Maxted, P. F. L. McDermott, S. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Nowak, G. Olofsson, G. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Ricker, G. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Seager, S. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Smith, A. M. S. Stalport, M. Striegel, S. Sulis, S. Szabó, G. M. Udry, S. Van Grootel, V. Vanderspek, R. Venturini, J. Villaver, E. Viotto, V. Walton, N. A. Winn, J. N. Wolf, S.
contents	We present the characterization of the TOI-6041 system, a bright ($V = 9.84 \pm 0.03$) G7-type star hosting at least two planets. The inner planet, TOI-6041b, is a warm Neptune with a radius of $4.55^{+0.18}_{-0.17}\,R_\oplus$, initially identified as a single-transit event in \textit{TESS} photometry. Subsequent observations with \textit{TESS} and \textit{CHEOPS} revealed additional transits, enabling the determination of its $26.04945^{+0.00033}_{-0.00034}$~d orbital period and the detection of significant transit timing variations (TTVs), exhibiting a peak-to-peak amplitude of about 1~hour. Radial velocity (RV) measurements obtained with the APF spectrographs allow us to place a $3σ$ upper mass limit of $28.9\,M_\oplus$ on TOI-6041b. In addition, the RV data reveal a second companion, TOI-6041c, on an 88~d orbit, with a minimum mass of $0.25\,M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$. A preliminary TTV analysis suggests that the observed variations could be caused by gravitational perturbations from planet c; however, reproducing the observed amplitudes requires a relatively high eccentricity of about 0.3 for planet c. Our dynamical stability analysis indicates that such a configuration is dynamically viable and places a $1σ$ upper limit on the mass of TOI-6041c at $0.8\,M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$. An alternative is the presence of a third, low-mass planet located between planets b and c, or on an inner orbit relative to planet b -- particularly near a mean-motion resonance with planet b -- which could account for the observed variations. These findings remain tentative, and further RV and photometric observations are essential to better constrain the mass of planet b and to refine the TTV modeling, thereby improving our understanding of the system's dynamical architecture.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_01911
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOTEM) Survey.VII. TOI-6041: a multi-planet system including a warm Neptune exhibiting strong TTVs Heidari, N. Alnajjarine, A. Osborn, H. P. Dragomir, D. Dalba, P. Benz, W. Hébrard, G. Laskar, J. Billot, N. Günther, M. N. Wilson, T. G. Alibert, Y. Bonfanti, A. Bieryla, A. Broeg, C. Correia, A. C. M. Egger, J. A. Essack, Z. Furlan, E. Gandolfi, D. Grieves, N. Howell, S. LaCourse, D. Pezzotti, C. Pritchard, T. Sousa, S. G. Ulmer-Moll, S. Villanueva, S. Alonso, R. Asquier, J. Bárczy, T. Barrado, D. Barros, S. C. Baumjohann, W. Borsato, L. Brandeker, A. Buder, M. Cameron, A. Collier Csizmadia, S. Cubillos, P. E. Davies, M. B. Deleuil, M. Delfosse, X. Deline, A. Demangeon, O. D. S. Demory, B. Derekas, A. Edwards, B. Ehrenreich, D. Erikson, A. Fortier, A. Fossati, L. Fridlund, M. Gazeas, K. Gillon, M. Güdel, M. Hasiba, J. Heitzmann, A. Helling, C. Jenkins, J. M. Keller, T. Stassun, K. G. Kiss, L. Korth, J. Lam, K. W. F. Latham, D. W. Etangs, A. Lecavelier des Leleu, A. Lendl, M. Maxted, P. F. L. McDermott, S. Merín, B. Mordasini, C. Nascimbeni, V. Nowak, G. Olofsson, G. Pagano, I. Pallé, E. Piotto, G. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Ragazzoni, R. Rauer, H. Ribas, I. Ricker, G. Santos, N. C. Scandariato, G. Seager, S. Ségransan, D. Simon, A. E. Smith, A. M. S. Stalport, M. Striegel, S. Sulis, S. Szabó, G. M. Udry, S. Van Grootel, V. Vanderspek, R. Venturini, J. Villaver, E. Viotto, V. Walton, N. A. Winn, J. N. Wolf, S. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics We present the characterization of the TOI-6041 system, a bright ($V = 9.84 \pm 0.03$) G7-type star hosting at least two planets. The inner planet, TOI-6041b, is a warm Neptune with a radius of $4.55^{+0.18}_{-0.17}\,R_\oplus$, initially identified as a single-transit event in \textit{TESS} photometry. Subsequent observations with \textit{TESS} and \textit{CHEOPS} revealed additional transits, enabling the determination of its $26.04945^{+0.00033}_{-0.00034}$~d orbital period and the detection of significant transit timing variations (TTVs), exhibiting a peak-to-peak amplitude of about 1~hour. Radial velocity (RV) measurements obtained with the APF spectrographs allow us to place a $3σ$ upper mass limit of $28.9\,M_\oplus$ on TOI-6041b. In addition, the RV data reveal a second companion, TOI-6041c, on an 88~d orbit, with a minimum mass of $0.25\,M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$. A preliminary TTV analysis suggests that the observed variations could be caused by gravitational perturbations from planet c; however, reproducing the observed amplitudes requires a relatively high eccentricity of about 0.3 for planet c. Our dynamical stability analysis indicates that such a configuration is dynamically viable and places a $1σ$ upper limit on the mass of TOI-6041c at $0.8\,M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$. An alternative is the presence of a third, low-mass planet located between planets b and c, or on an inner orbit relative to planet b -- particularly near a mean-motion resonance with planet b -- which could account for the observed variations. These findings remain tentative, and further RV and photometric observations are essential to better constrain the mass of planet b and to refine the TTV modeling, thereby improving our understanding of the system's dynamical architecture.
title	Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOTEM) Survey.VII. TOI-6041: a multi-planet system including a warm Neptune exhibiting strong TTVs
topic	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.01911