Human-Level and Beyond: Benchmarking Large Language Models Against Clinical Pharmacists in Prescription Review

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yang, Yan, Bian, Mouxiao, Li, Peiling, Wen, Bingjian, Chen, Ruiyao, Mao, Kangkun, Ye, Xiaojun, Li, Tianbin, Chen, Pengcheng, Han, Bing, Xu, Jie, Qiu, Kaifeng, Wu, Junyan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Yang, Yan
Bian, Mouxiao
Li, Peiling
Wen, Bingjian
Chen, Ruiyao
Mao, Kangkun
Ye, Xiaojun
Li, Tianbin
Chen, Pengcheng
Han, Bing
Xu, Jie
Qiu, Kaifeng
Wu, Junyan
author_facet Yang, Yan
Bian, Mouxiao
Li, Peiling
Wen, Bingjian
Chen, Ruiyao
Mao, Kangkun
Ye, Xiaojun
Li, Tianbin
Chen, Pengcheng
Han, Bing
Xu, Jie
Qiu, Kaifeng
Wu, Junyan
contents The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has accelerated their integration into clinical decision support, particularly in prescription review. To enable systematic and fine-grained evaluation, we developed RxBench, a comprehensive benchmark that covers common prescription review categories and consolidates 14 frequent types of prescription errors drawn from authoritative pharmacy references. RxBench consists of 1,150 single-choice, 230 multiple-choice, and 879 short-answer items, all reviewed by experienced clinical pharmacists. We benchmarked 18 state-of-the-art LLMs and identified clear stratification of performance across tasks. Notably, Gemini-2.5-pro-preview-05-06, Grok-4-0709, and DeepSeek-R1-0528 consistently formed the first tier, outperforming other models in both accuracy and robustness. Comparisons with licensed pharmacists indicated that leading LLMs can match or exceed human performance in certain tasks. Furthermore, building on insights from our benchmark evaluation, we performed targeted fine-tuning on a mid-tier model, resulting in a specialized model that rivals leading general-purpose LLMs in performance on short-answer question tasks. The main contribution of RxBench lies in establishing a standardized, error-type-oriented framework that not only reveals the capabilities and limitations of frontier LLMs in prescription review but also provides a foundational resource for building more reliable and specialized clinical tools.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_02024
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Human-Level and Beyond: Benchmarking Large Language Models Against Clinical Pharmacists in Prescription Review
Yang, Yan
Bian, Mouxiao
Li, Peiling
Wen, Bingjian
Chen, Ruiyao
Mao, Kangkun
Ye, Xiaojun
Li, Tianbin
Chen, Pengcheng
Han, Bing
Xu, Jie
Qiu, Kaifeng
Wu, Junyan
Computation and Language
Computers and Society
The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has accelerated their integration into clinical decision support, particularly in prescription review. To enable systematic and fine-grained evaluation, we developed RxBench, a comprehensive benchmark that covers common prescription review categories and consolidates 14 frequent types of prescription errors drawn from authoritative pharmacy references. RxBench consists of 1,150 single-choice, 230 multiple-choice, and 879 short-answer items, all reviewed by experienced clinical pharmacists. We benchmarked 18 state-of-the-art LLMs and identified clear stratification of performance across tasks. Notably, Gemini-2.5-pro-preview-05-06, Grok-4-0709, and DeepSeek-R1-0528 consistently formed the first tier, outperforming other models in both accuracy and robustness. Comparisons with licensed pharmacists indicated that leading LLMs can match or exceed human performance in certain tasks. Furthermore, building on insights from our benchmark evaluation, we performed targeted fine-tuning on a mid-tier model, resulting in a specialized model that rivals leading general-purpose LLMs in performance on short-answer question tasks. The main contribution of RxBench lies in establishing a standardized, error-type-oriented framework that not only reveals the capabilities and limitations of frontier LLMs in prescription review but also provides a foundational resource for building more reliable and specialized clinical tools.
title Human-Level and Beyond: Benchmarking Large Language Models Against Clinical Pharmacists in Prescription Review
topic Computation and Language
Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.02024