Quantum-Based Self-Attention Mechanism for Hardware-Aware Differentiable Quantum Architecture Search

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Liu, Yuxiang, Li, Sixuan, Meng, Fanxu, Zhang, Zaichen, Yu, Xutao
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Liu, Yuxiang
Li, Sixuan
Meng, Fanxu
Zhang, Zaichen
Yu, Xutao
author_facet Liu, Yuxiang
Li, Sixuan
Meng, Fanxu
Zhang, Zaichen
Yu, Xutao
contents The automated design of parameterized quantum circuits for variational algorithms in the NISQ era faces a fundamental limitation, as conventional differentiable architecture search relies on classical models that fail to adequately represent quantum gate interactions under hardware noise. We introduce the Quantum-Based Self-Attention for Differentiable Quantum Architecture Search (QBSA-DQAS), a meta-learning framework featuring quantum-based self-attention and hardware-aware multi-objective search. The framework employs a two-stage quantum self-attention module that computes contextual dependencies by mapping architectural parameters through parameterized quantum circuits, replacing classical similarity metrics with quantum-derived attention scores, then applies position-wise quantum transformations for feature enrichment. Architecture search is guided by a task-agnostic multi-objective function jointly optimizing noisy expressibility and Probability of Successful Trials (PST). A post-search optimization stage applies gate commutation, fusion, and elimination to reduce circuit complexity. Experimental validation demonstrates superior performance on VQE tasks and large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks. For VQE on H$_2$, QBSA-DQAS achieves 0.9 accuracy compared to 0.89 for standard DQAS. Post-search optimization reduces discovered circuit complexity by up to 44% in gate count and 47% in depth without accuracy degradation. The framework maintains robust performance across three molecules and five IBM quantum hardware noise models. For WSN routing, discovered circuits achieve 8.6% energy reduction versus QAOA and 40.7% versus classical greedy methods, establishing the effectiveness of quantum-native architecture search for NISQ applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_02476
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quantum-Based Self-Attention Mechanism for Hardware-Aware Differentiable Quantum Architecture Search
Liu, Yuxiang
Li, Sixuan
Meng, Fanxu
Zhang, Zaichen
Yu, Xutao
Quantum Physics
The automated design of parameterized quantum circuits for variational algorithms in the NISQ era faces a fundamental limitation, as conventional differentiable architecture search relies on classical models that fail to adequately represent quantum gate interactions under hardware noise. We introduce the Quantum-Based Self-Attention for Differentiable Quantum Architecture Search (QBSA-DQAS), a meta-learning framework featuring quantum-based self-attention and hardware-aware multi-objective search. The framework employs a two-stage quantum self-attention module that computes contextual dependencies by mapping architectural parameters through parameterized quantum circuits, replacing classical similarity metrics with quantum-derived attention scores, then applies position-wise quantum transformations for feature enrichment. Architecture search is guided by a task-agnostic multi-objective function jointly optimizing noisy expressibility and Probability of Successful Trials (PST). A post-search optimization stage applies gate commutation, fusion, and elimination to reduce circuit complexity. Experimental validation demonstrates superior performance on VQE tasks and large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks. For VQE on H$_2$, QBSA-DQAS achieves 0.9 accuracy compared to 0.89 for standard DQAS. Post-search optimization reduces discovered circuit complexity by up to 44% in gate count and 47% in depth without accuracy degradation. The framework maintains robust performance across three molecules and five IBM quantum hardware noise models. For WSN routing, discovered circuits achieve 8.6% energy reduction versus QAOA and 40.7% versus classical greedy methods, establishing the effectiveness of quantum-native architecture search for NISQ applications.
title Quantum-Based Self-Attention Mechanism for Hardware-Aware Differentiable Quantum Architecture Search
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.02476