Efficient Simulation of the 2D Hubbard Model via Hilbert Space-Filling Curve Mapping

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Hauptverfasser: Abedi, Ashkan, Giovannetti, Vittorio, De Santis, Dario
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Abedi, Ashkan
Giovannetti, Vittorio
De Santis, Dario
author_facet Abedi, Ashkan
Giovannetti, Vittorio
De Santis, Dario
contents We investigate tensor network simulations of the two-dimensional Hubbard model by mapping the lattice onto a one-dimensional chain using space-filling curves. In particular, we focus on the Hilbert curve, whose locality-preserving structure minimizes the range of effective interactions in the mapped model. This enables a more compact matrix product state (MPS) representation compared to conventional snake mapping. Through systematic benchmarks, we show that the Hilbert curve consistently yields lower ground-state energies at fixed bond dimension, with the advantage increasing for larger system sizes and in physically relevant interaction regimes. Our implementation reaches clusters up to $32\times32$ sites with open and periodic boundary conditions, delivering reliable ground-state energies and correlation functions in agreement with established results, but at significantly reduced computational cost. These findings establish space-filling curve mappings, particularly the Hilbert curve, as a powerful tool for extending tensor-network studies of strongly correlated two-dimensional quantum systems beyond the limits accessible with standard approaches.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_02666
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Efficient Simulation of the 2D Hubbard Model via Hilbert Space-Filling Curve Mapping
Abedi, Ashkan
Giovannetti, Vittorio
De Santis, Dario
Quantum Physics
Quantum Gases
Statistical Mechanics
Strongly Correlated Electrons
Computational Physics
We investigate tensor network simulations of the two-dimensional Hubbard model by mapping the lattice onto a one-dimensional chain using space-filling curves. In particular, we focus on the Hilbert curve, whose locality-preserving structure minimizes the range of effective interactions in the mapped model. This enables a more compact matrix product state (MPS) representation compared to conventional snake mapping. Through systematic benchmarks, we show that the Hilbert curve consistently yields lower ground-state energies at fixed bond dimension, with the advantage increasing for larger system sizes and in physically relevant interaction regimes. Our implementation reaches clusters up to $32\times32$ sites with open and periodic boundary conditions, delivering reliable ground-state energies and correlation functions in agreement with established results, but at significantly reduced computational cost. These findings establish space-filling curve mappings, particularly the Hilbert curve, as a powerful tool for extending tensor-network studies of strongly correlated two-dimensional quantum systems beyond the limits accessible with standard approaches.
title Efficient Simulation of the 2D Hubbard Model via Hilbert Space-Filling Curve Mapping
topic Quantum Physics
Quantum Gases
Statistical Mechanics
Strongly Correlated Electrons
Computational Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.02666