Electrically driven plasmon-polaritonic bistability in Dirac electron tunneling transistors
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Zhang, Shuai Xu, Yang Zhang, Junhe Sun, Dihao Dong, Yinan Fu, Matthew Taniguchi, Takashi Watanabe, Kenji Dean, Cory R. Allen, Monica Allen, Jeffery de Abajo, F. Javier Garcia Moilanen, Antti J. Novotny, Lukas Basov, D. N. |
| author_facet | Zhang, Shuai Xu, Yang Zhang, Junhe Sun, Dihao Dong, Yinan Fu, Matthew Taniguchi, Takashi Watanabe, Kenji Dean, Cory R. Allen, Monica Allen, Jeffery de Abajo, F. Javier Garcia Moilanen, Antti J. Novotny, Lukas Basov, D. N. |
| contents | Bistability-two distinct stable states under identical parameter-is not only a fundamental physical concept but also of importance in practical applications. While plasmon-polaritonic bistability representing history-dependent stable states within plasmonic systems has been theoretically predicted, it has yet to be demonstrated experimentally due to challenges in realizing suitable nonlinearity at feasible electric-field strengths. Here, we report the experimental observation of electrically driven plasmon-polaritonic bistability in graphene/hexagonal-boron-nitride/graphene tunneling transistors, achieved through momentum-conserving resonant tunneling of Dirac electrons. Using a small twist angle between graphene layers, we engineered devices exhibiting both electronic and plasmon-polaritonic bistability. This bistable plasmonic behavior can be precisely tuned through load resistance and electrostatic gating. Our findings open new pathways for exploring nonlinear optical and electronic phenomena in van der Waals heterostructures and mark a significant advance in nanoplasmonics, with potential applications in optical memory, sensing, and optoelectronic switching. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_02909 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Electrically driven plasmon-polaritonic bistability in Dirac electron tunneling transistors Zhang, Shuai Xu, Yang Zhang, Junhe Sun, Dihao Dong, Yinan Fu, Matthew Taniguchi, Takashi Watanabe, Kenji Dean, Cory R. Allen, Monica Allen, Jeffery de Abajo, F. Javier Garcia Moilanen, Antti J. Novotny, Lukas Basov, D. N. Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Materials Science Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems Optics Bistability-two distinct stable states under identical parameter-is not only a fundamental physical concept but also of importance in practical applications. While plasmon-polaritonic bistability representing history-dependent stable states within plasmonic systems has been theoretically predicted, it has yet to be demonstrated experimentally due to challenges in realizing suitable nonlinearity at feasible electric-field strengths. Here, we report the experimental observation of electrically driven plasmon-polaritonic bistability in graphene/hexagonal-boron-nitride/graphene tunneling transistors, achieved through momentum-conserving resonant tunneling of Dirac electrons. Using a small twist angle between graphene layers, we engineered devices exhibiting both electronic and plasmon-polaritonic bistability. This bistable plasmonic behavior can be precisely tuned through load resistance and electrostatic gating. Our findings open new pathways for exploring nonlinear optical and electronic phenomena in van der Waals heterostructures and mark a significant advance in nanoplasmonics, with potential applications in optical memory, sensing, and optoelectronic switching. |
| title | Electrically driven plasmon-polaritonic bistability in Dirac electron tunneling transistors |
| topic | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Materials Science Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.02909 |