Generation of strong ultralow-phase-noise microwave fields with tunable ellipticity for ultracold polar molecules
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Biswas, Shrestha Eppelt, Sebastian Buchberger, Christian Chen, Xing-Yan Schindewolf, Andreas Hani, Michael Biebl, Erwin Bloch, Immanuel Luo, Xin-Yu |
| author_facet | Biswas, Shrestha Eppelt, Sebastian Buchberger, Christian Chen, Xing-Yan Schindewolf, Andreas Hani, Michael Biebl, Erwin Bloch, Immanuel Luo, Xin-Yu |
| contents | Microwave(MW) fields with strong field strength, ultralow phase-noise and tunable polarization are crucial for stabilizing and manipulating ultracold polar molecules, which have emerged as a promising platform for quantum sciences. In this letter, we present the design, characterization, and performance of a robust MW setup tailored for precise control of molecular states. This setup achieves a high electric field intensity of 6.9 kV/m in the near-field from a dual-feed waveguide antenna, enabling a Rabi frequency as high as 71 MHz for the rotational transition of sodium-potassium molecules. In addition, the low noise signal source and controlled electronics provide ultralow phase-noise and dynamically tunable polarization. Narrow-band filters within the MW circuitry further reduce phase-noise by more than 20 dB at 20 MHz offset frequency, ensuring prolonged one-body molecular lifetimes up to 10 seconds. We also show practical methods to measure the MW field strength and polarization using a simple homemade dipole probe, and to characterize phase-noise down to -170 dBc/Hz with a commercial spectrum analyser and a notch filter. Those capabilities allowed us to evaporatively cool our molecular sample to deep quantum degeneracy. Furthermore, the polarization tunability enabled the observation of field-linked resonances and facilitated the creation of field-linked tetramers.These techniques advance the study of ultracold polar molecules and broaden the potential applications of MW tools in other platforms of quantum sciences. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_03007 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Generation of strong ultralow-phase-noise microwave fields with tunable ellipticity for ultracold polar molecules Biswas, Shrestha Eppelt, Sebastian Buchberger, Christian Chen, Xing-Yan Schindewolf, Andreas Hani, Michael Biebl, Erwin Bloch, Immanuel Luo, Xin-Yu Atomic Physics Quantum Gases Instrumentation and Detectors Microwave(MW) fields with strong field strength, ultralow phase-noise and tunable polarization are crucial for stabilizing and manipulating ultracold polar molecules, which have emerged as a promising platform for quantum sciences. In this letter, we present the design, characterization, and performance of a robust MW setup tailored for precise control of molecular states. This setup achieves a high electric field intensity of 6.9 kV/m in the near-field from a dual-feed waveguide antenna, enabling a Rabi frequency as high as 71 MHz for the rotational transition of sodium-potassium molecules. In addition, the low noise signal source and controlled electronics provide ultralow phase-noise and dynamically tunable polarization. Narrow-band filters within the MW circuitry further reduce phase-noise by more than 20 dB at 20 MHz offset frequency, ensuring prolonged one-body molecular lifetimes up to 10 seconds. We also show practical methods to measure the MW field strength and polarization using a simple homemade dipole probe, and to characterize phase-noise down to -170 dBc/Hz with a commercial spectrum analyser and a notch filter. Those capabilities allowed us to evaporatively cool our molecular sample to deep quantum degeneracy. Furthermore, the polarization tunability enabled the observation of field-linked resonances and facilitated the creation of field-linked tetramers.These techniques advance the study of ultracold polar molecules and broaden the potential applications of MW tools in other platforms of quantum sciences. |
| title | Generation of strong ultralow-phase-noise microwave fields with tunable ellipticity for ultracold polar molecules |
| topic | Atomic Physics Quantum Gases Instrumentation and Detectors |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03007 |